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A survey asked a group of commuters from Dubai, Shanghai, and Paris what their primary mode of transport to work is.

A survey asked a group of commuters from Dubai, Shanghai, and Paris what their primary mode of transport to work is. The results are tabulated in the two-way table below: 

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Using SPSS and the data above, test whether there is any association between primary mode of transport and city of residence: 

a) Calculate the chi-square test statistic (x2). Give your answer to 3 decimal places. x2

b) At a = 0.05, the null hypothesis of the chi-square test for association is

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