Question

Defining the terms bellow: Indiginous healing

Universalist & relativist perspectives

Medical pluralism, biomedical model

Culture & its characteristics

Holistic healing

Restoration (individuals, communities, cultural)

Traditional medicine/knowledge/healing

Transformational & restorative healing

Relational epistemology, spirituality

Universal dimensions of healing

Modes & mechanisms of healing/transformation

Explanatory models (especially how it relates to cultural safety)

Symbolic healing

Shamanism, herbalism

Cultural or creative arts

Embodiment, techniques of the body

Historical, multigenerational, & intergenerational traumas

Pathologize (ation), medicalize (ation), labels

Decolonization & a decolonizing approach (to healing)

Cultural competence & cultural safety

Efficacy

Identity

Cultural continuity

Performative aspects of healing

Answer 1

• Universalism: human beings are entitled to same fundamental rights in all times, regardless of where they live.
• Relativism: human rights must be determined by examining cultural/historical/religious/social contexts. Thus, universal human rights cannot exist.
• Universalism can be viewed as an ideal world, while relativism explains a more realistic perspective on why different cultures can view the same actions differently.
• From a relativist's perspective, moral values are only applicable within certain cultures and societies. Something that may be viewed as morally correct in the United States could be unethical in Zimbabwe and vice versa.A more simplistic example of this is the fact that it is not unethical in American culture to consume beef, while in India it is viewed as unethical. The reason for this is because of the diverse cultures and their own set of moral standards
• Universalism holds that more "primitive" cultures will eventually evolve to have the same system of law and rights as Western cultures.In universalism, an individual is a social unit, possessing inalienable rights, and driven by the pursuit of self interest. In the cultural relativist model, a community is the basic social unit. Concepts such as individualism, freedom of choice, and equality are absent.
• Culture is everything which is socially shared and learned by the members of a society.It is the totality of human experience acquired during transmission of heritage from one generation to another and to learn the ways of learning, eating, drinking, behaving, walking, dressing, and working is the culture of man.
• Characteristics of culture:-Culture is learned-Culture is not inherited biologically but it is leant socially by man in a society. It is not an inborn tendency but acquired by man from the association of others, e.g. drinking, eating, dressing, walking, behaving, reading are all learnt by man.
• Culture is social-It is not an individual phenomena but it is the product of society. It develops in the society through social interaction. It is shared by the man of society No man can acquire it without the association of others. Man is man only among men. It helps to develop qualities of human beings in a social environment. Deprivation of a man from his company is the deprivation of human qualities.
• Culture is shared-Culture is something shared. It is nothing that an individual can passes but shared by common people of a territory. For example, customs, traditions, values, beliefs are all shared by man in a social situation. These beliefs and practices are adopted by all equally.
• Culture is transmitted-Culture is capable of transmitted from one generation to the next. Parents papas cultural traits to their children and in return they pass to their children and son on. It is not transmitted through genes but through language. Language is means to communication which passes cultural traits from one generation to another.
• Holistic medicine is a form of healing that considers the whole person, body, mind, spirit, and emotions in the quest for optimal health and wellness. According to the holistic medicine philosophy, one can achieve optimal health the primary goal of holistic medicine practice by gaining proper balance in life.Holistic medicine practitioners believe that the whole person is made up of interdependent parts and if one part is not working properly, all the other parts will be affected. In this way, if people have imbalances (physical, emotional, or spiritual) in their lives, it can negatively affect their overall health.
• Efficacy-The competence of behavioural performance with reference to a person's perception of performance capabilities.Self-Efficacy, coined by Albert Bandura is a person's belief in his or her ability to complete a future task or solve a future problem. For example, if a person believes he is a brilliant scientist and can complete any scientific experiment, he has a high self-efficacy in science because he believes in his competency to perform a future experiment. Whether it is true that he is brilliant in science or not doesn't really matter. It only matters what he believes. Self-Efficacy can also influence your goals, actions, and successes (or failures) in life.
• Identity-a person's identity is his or her own sense of self; of who they are. For example, your identity may be that you are a female, who is honest, warm, caring, intelligent, and sometimes moody.The concept of identity has been defined as an internalized psychic system that integrates an individual's inner self and the outer social world into a congruent whole.
• Personal identity is the concept you develop about yourself that evolves over the course of your life. This may include aspects of your life that you have no control over, such as where you grew up or the color of your skin, as well as choices you make in life, such as how you spend your time and what you believe.
• Due to time constraints only some questions can be answered,the remaining questions can be asked as another question,they will be answered,thankyou