Question

4. Give the general arrangement of the subatomic particles in an atom.

Answer 1

Answer:-

As we know that the according to the Dalton's atomic theory "atom is the basic unit of all the matter" . Each atom composed of three subatomic particles which are given below.

Subatomic particles	symbol	Charge	Mass
Electron	e-	- 1.6 10-19 coulomb	9.1 10-31 kg
Proton	p+	+ 1.6 10-19 coulomb	1.67 10-27 kg
Neutron	n0	neutral	1.67 10-27 kg

So each atom has a nucleus which contained proton and neutron. Since neutron has no charge but proton has positive charge and nucleus having both subatomic particles i.e proton and neutron therefore nucleus a positive charge. In each atom , there are three dimensional spaces around the nucleus where the electrons move for counter balancing the positive charge of nucleus by their negative charge. These three dimensional spaces are called as orbitals. These orbitals may be different in shapes. e.g. s- orbital is spherical in shape, p - orbital is dumbbell in shape and d - orbital is double dumbbell in shape. Each orbital contained maximum no. of electrons are two and minimum no. of electron is one. the two electrons which exist in an orbital having opposite spin. In this way we can say that subatomic particles such as proton and neutron form the nucleus of an atom whereas other subatomic particle i.e electrons move around the nucleus in orbitals which is the general arrangement of the subatomic particles in an atom. (i.e the answer)