Question

1. Evolutionary process and genetic variation:

a) Explain to the general public how genetic variability occurs in domesticated organisms, and why mutation is an essential component that allows for production of new agricultural varieties.

b) Explain the following statement to a college science freshman: “The genetic variation on which natural selection acts may occur randomly, but natural selection is not random at all.”

c) Describe two situations where mutations are random, and two situations where the mutations are not random.   Explain why we see these differences.

Answer 1

1 (a) Genetic variability can cause by mutation. Mutation lead yo genetic variability. As according to the need , one can hybridise or can do random mating between species of plant to generate a new variety or can choose traits.

Mutation is an essential component as it is sudden and heritable change which can give rise to new varities as it results in recombination of different genes.

(b) As in genetiv variation , genes are involved and during crossing over , genrs are randomly transferred as well as mutation can occur randomly which cause genetic variation but Natural selection is not random process as natural selection depemd on many factors like differential survival and reproduction rates which greatly depends on individual's fitness. Natural selexsele can act on any heritable or transferable phenotypic trait.

(C) Random mutation : Sickle cell anemia , Antibiotics resistanant bacteria where mutation act randomly

Non ramdom mutation : Epigenetic and Evolution