Question

From the creation of the first Encyclopedia (1751) through Mauchly and Eckert’s ENIAC, through Bush’s memex, Alan Kay’s universal media machine, CALO, (Cognitive Agent that Learns and Organizes) to Google’s observation that algorithms need to answer, converse, and anticipate. Identify commonalities, and differences that run through the enterprise.

Answer 1

The "first encyclopedia" was published in France in the year 1751. It included contributions from many contributors and it was the first to describe mechanical arts. This encyclopedia played an important role and was a intellectual foment to the French Revolution.

"ENIAC" stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator. It was developed by Jon Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the University of Pennsylvania, the USA in the year 1945. ENIAC was a major contributor for the development of nuclear bombs as well as the EDVAC. This was used to perform calculations about the neutrons while developing the first-ever nuclear bomb.

"Memex" was originally called "at random". It is sometimes said to be a combination of words "memory" and "index". Hypertext systems were influenced by the concept of the memex. The worldwide web which is being used by people all over the world is developed based on this concept.

Universal Media Machine is a work done by many scientists during the 1960s and 1970s. This was the machine that brought a revolutionary change in the media industry. The options that we get nowadays on digital cameras was not present before. These machines allowed the capturing of images and also media playback.

CALO is an acronym for Cognitive Assistance that Learns and Organizes. It is an Artificial Intelligence project that was run between the years 2003 and 2008. The most notable contribution of this project is SIRI which is used in all Apple products. CALO was funded by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARDA) under its Personalized Assistant that Learns(PAL) algorithm.

The main similarities among all these organizations or products were the revolutionary products they developed. The products these companies developed became a building block for the advanced systems that we are using now. There are also many disadvantages among these companies. One of them is the work done by them after the product has been successful. Some organizations further built or revised their models while some were acquired by big organizations and became a part of them.