Question

Define geology.

Distinguish between the different types of rocks

What is the concept of tectonic plates? What is continental drift?

What si crude oil? Define the process of refining.

Define and give two examples of a solar thermal syatem.

Answer 1

Geology :-

Geology is defined as the science which deals with the physical structure and substance of the earth,their history and processes which act on them.

Different types of rocks :-

There are three major types of rocks.

1)Igneous rock :- Igneous rock is formed through the cooling or solidification of magma or lava. Ex- Basalt,Granite.

2)Sedimentary rock :- Sedimentary rocks are formed by the accumulation or deposition of small particles and subsequent cementation of minerals on the floor of oceans or other bodies of water at Earth's surface. Ex-Chalk,Coal etc.

3)Metamorphic rock :- Metamorphic rock is formed by the transformation of existing rock.Ex- Marble,Slate etc.

Concept of tectonic plate :-

Tectonic plate theory states that the Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle,the rocky inner layer above the core.The plates act like a hard and rigid shell compared to Earth's mantle.The lithosphere includes the crust and outer part of the mantle.

There are nine major plates.They are North American,Pacific,Eurasian,African,Indo-Australian,Australian,Indian,South American and Antarctic.

Continental Drift :-

Continental drift is the theory which states that Earth's continents have moved over geologic time relative to each other,thus appearing to have drifted across the ocean bed.

Crude Oil :

Crude oil is a naturally occurring unrefined petroleum product composed of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic materials.It can be refined to produce useful products like gasoline,diesel etc.

Refining:-

Refining is defined as the process of reducing impurities of a substance.The substance may be oil or metal. Ex- Refining of crude oil gives useful products.

Solar Thermal System:-

It is the system by which solar thermal technologies capture the heat energy from the sun and use it for heating or the production of electricity. Ex- 1)PV Thermal system that captures heat from variety sources,

2)Water heating directly powered by PV generated electricity