Question

Which vertebrate group typically has smaller respiratory surfaces than mammals and why?
please explain

Answer 1

In vertebrates included birds having the smallest respiratory surface.respiratory suface is that part where gaseous exchane occours it contain the respiratory membranes which include the alveolar epithelium cells as well as the capillary endothelium cell and a basement membrane .exchange and transport of gas occours through this respiratory surface ,this surface is similar in various vertebrates such as mammals ,amphibians,reptiles but in birds the respiratory surface are smaller than other vertebrates (mammals).in mammals the gaseous exchange occour through smaller sacs ,alveoli.the respiratory organs of reptiles mammals having an elongated thin walled ,elastic and hollow sacs are present known as alveoli.the alveoli and walls of the lungs are richly supplied with blood capillaries.                            IN birds atria are present ,these atria are microscopic air sacs and have a very rich blood supply.bird needs a high amount of energy used for flight prupose ,their hihly effective respiratory system helps them to meet their demand .birds air sach are microscopic and distributed throughout much oftheir body birds lungs are smaller than mammals lungs.