Question

Surfactants and detergents tend to have the strongest effect on _________

naked viruses

protozoa

enveloped viruses

Gram + bacteria

Fungi

An antibiotic that has pronounced effects on both gram+ and gram – bacteria is considered…

acceptable for use in sterilization

antihelminthic drug

a type of cephalosporin

broad spectrum

a QUAT type drug

Which of the following means the destruction or elimination of all viable microorganisms?

disinfection

bacteriocidal

antiseptic

all of the answers listed

sterilization

Which of the following may still be able to cause disease after autoclaving?

yeast

gram + bacteria

fungal spores

prions

protozoan cysts

Which of the following has a mechanism of action that is most similar to cephalosporin and vancomycin?

erythromycin

streptomycin

penicillin

sulfonamide

tetracycline

Which of the following is the most resistant to sterilization?

fungal sexual spores

cysts of protozoa

bacterial endospores

non-enveloped viruses

fungal asexual spores

Which of the following types of control agents/treatments would be used to achieve sterility?

algicidal compounds for swimming pool such as CuSO4

fungicide

sporicidal chemicals such as 20% H2O2

pasteurization

virucide

Azidothymidine (AZT) a drug that is similar to the thymidine used in DNA is used in the treatment of _______ infections

yeast

malaria

gram - bacteria

HIV

strep

Answer 1

1. option D - Gram positive bacteria

anionic detergents are recognized as having greater antimicrobial effects on Gram positive bacteria than on Gram negative bacteria .

2.option D - broad-spectrum antibiotic

A broad-spectrum antibiotic is an antibiotic that acts on the two major bacterial groups, gram-positive and gram-negative, or any antibiotic that acts against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria.

3.Option A -  disinfection

The destruction or removal of all viable organisms is called disinfection

4.Option D - Prion

Prion aggregates are stable, and this structural stability means that prions are resistant to denaturation by chemical and physical agents: they cannot be destroyed by autoclaving

5.Option C - Penicillin

Penicillin kills bacteria through binding of the beta-lactam ring to DD-transpeptidase, inhibiting its cross-linking activity and preventing new cell wall formation. Without a cell wall, a bacterial cell is vulnerable to outside water and molecular pressures, and quickly dies.

Cephalosporins are the most commonly prescribed class of antibiotics, and its structure and pharmacology are similar to that of penicillin. It's a bactericidal, and its structure contains beta-lactam ring, as like of penicillin, which intervenes in bacterial cell wall synthesis

6. Option C - bacterial endospores

Endospores are considered the most resistant structure of microbes. They are resistant to most agents that would normally kill the vegetative cells from which they formed. Nearly all household cleaning products, alcohols, quaternary ammonium compounds and detergents have little effect.

7.Option D - pasteurization

Sterilization and pasteurization

Pasteurization and sterilization are the main processes for food preservation based on specific heat treatment. The pasteurization process involves heating foodstuffs for a predefined duration to a temperature usually between 70 and 85 °C and then cooling them rapidly.

8.Option D -  HIV

Azidothymidine (AZT, zidovudine) is used to treat HIV-AIDS and prevent maternal transmission to newborns.

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