Question

Miller Toy Company manufactures a plastic swimming pool at its Westwood Plant. The plant has been experiencing problems as shown by its June contribution format income statement below:

	Flexible Budget		Actual
Sales (8,000 pools)	$	240,000		$	240,000
Variable expenses:
Variable cost of goods sold*		94,000			112,470
Variable selling expenses		10,000			10,000
Total variable expenses		104,000			122,470
Contribution margin		136,000			117,530
Fixed expenses:
Manufacturing overhead		55,000			55,000
Selling and administrative		70,000			70,000
Total fixed expenses		125,000			125,000
Net operating income (loss)	$	11,000		$	(7,470	)

*Contains direct materials, direct labor, and variable manufacturing overhead.

Janet Dunn, who has just been appointed general manager of the Westwood Plant, has been given instructions to “get things under control.” Upon reviewing the plant’s income statement, Ms. Dunn has concluded that the major problem lies in the variable cost of goods sold. She has been provided with the following standard cost per swimming pool:

	Standard Quantity or Hours	Standard Price or Rate			Standard Cost
Direct materials	3.5 pounds	$	2.50	per pound	$	8.75
Direct labor	0.4 hours	$	6.50	per hour		2.60
Variable manufacturing overhead	0.2 hours*	$	2.00	per hour		0.40
Total standard cost per unit					$	11.75

*Based on machine-hours.

During June, the plant produced 8,000 pools and incurred the following costs:

Purchased 33,000 pounds of materials at a cost of $2.95 per pound.

Used 27,800 pounds of materials in production. (Finished goods and work in process inventories are insignificant and can be ignored.)

Worked 3,800 direct labor-hours at a cost of $6.20 per hour.

Incurred variable manufacturing overhead cost totaling $4,560 for the month. A total of 1,900 machine-hours was recorded.

It is the company’s policy to close all variances to cost of goods sold on a monthly basis.

Required:

1. Compute the following variances for June:

a. Materials price and quantity variances.

b. Labor rate and efficiency variances.

c. Variable overhead rate and efficiency variances.

2. Summarize the variances that you computed in (1) above by showing the net overall favorable or unfavorable variance for the month.

1a. Compute the following variances for June, materials price and quantity variances.

1b. Compute the following variances for June, labor rate and efficiency variances.

1c. Compute the following variances for June, variable overhead rate and efficiency variances.

(Do not round your intermediate calculations. Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Input all amounts as positive values.)

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	1a. Material price variance Material quantity variance 1b. Labor rate variance Labor efficiency variance 1c. Variable overhead rate variance Variable overhead efficiency variance

Summarize the variances that you computed in (1) above by showing the net overall favorable or unfavorable variance for the month. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Input all amounts as positive values.)

	Net variance

Answer 1

a. Materials variances:

i. Materials price variance:

Actual Quantity of Material Purchase at Actual Price	97,350
(33,000 pounds x 2.95)
Actual Quantity of Material Purchase at Standerd Price	82,500
(33,000 pounds x 2.50)
Direct Material Price Variance	14,850 (A)

ii. Materials quantity variance:

Actual Quantity of Material Used at Standerd Price	69,500
(27,800 pounds x 2.50)
Actual Quantity of Material Allowed at Standerd Price	70,000
(8,000 Qty x 3.5 Pounds x 2.50)
Direct Material Quantity Variance	500 (F)

b. Labor variances:

i. Direct labor rate variance:

Actual Direct Labour Hrs Worked at Actual Price	23,560
(3,800 hrs x 6.20)
Actual Direct Labour Hrs Worked at Standerd Price	24,700
(3,800 hrs x 6.50)
Direct Labour Rate Variance	1140 (F)

ii. Direct labor efficiency variance:

Actual Direct Labour Hrs Worked at Standerd Price	24,700
(3,800 hrs x 6.50)
Standerd Direct Labour Hrs Allowed at Standerd Price	20,800
(8,000 qty x 0.4 hrs x 6.50)
Direct Labour Efficiency Variance	3900 (A)

c. Variable overhead variances:

i. Variable overhead rate variance

Actual Work Hrs at Actual Rate	4,560
Actual Work Hrs at Standerd Rate	3,800
(1,900 hrs x 2)
Variable overhead rate variance	760 (A)

ii. Variable overhead efficiency variance

Actual Machine Hrs at Standerd Rate	3,800
(1,900 x 2)
Standerd Machine Hrs at Standerd Rate	3,200
(8,000 qty x 0.2 hrs x 2)
Variable overhead efficiency variance	600 (A)

2. Summarize variances

1a.	Material price variance	14,850	U
	Material quantity variance	500	F
1b.	Labor rate variance	1,140	F
	Labor efficiency variance	3,900	U
1c.	Variable overhead rate variance	760	U
	Variable overhead efficiency variance	600	U

3. Net Variance = 16,130 (U)