Question

SHORT ANSWER

1. __________ refers to those attributes of a system visible to a programmer.

2. _________ refers to the operational units and their interconnections that realize the architectural specifications.

3. Control signals, interfaces between the computer and peripherals, and the memory technology used are all examples of _________ attributes.

4. The instruction set, the number of bits used to represent various data types, I/O mechanisms and techniques for addressing memory are all examples of _________ attributes.

5. The __________ architecture is the architecture of IBM’s mainframe product line.
6. _________ is the way in which the components are interrelated.
7. _________ is the operation of each individual component as part of the structure.
8. The basic functions that a computer can perform are: data processing, data movement, control, and _________.
9. When data are received from or delivered to a device that is directly connected to the computer, the process is known as __________.
10. The four main structural components of the computer are: main memory, I/O, system interconnection, and __________.
11. Often referred to as processor the ________ controls the operation of the computer and performs its data processing functions.
12. A common example of system interconnection is by means of a ________, consisting of a number of conducting wires to which all the other components attach.
13. The major structural components of the CPU are: control unit, register, CPU interconnection, and __________.
14. A __________ control unit operates by executing microinstructions that define the functionality of the control unit.
15. The _________ controls the operation of the CPU and hence the computer.

Problems:

16. A program consists of 100,000 instructions as follows:

Instruction Type	Instruction Count	Cycles per Instruction
Integer arithmetic	45,000	4
Data transfer	32,000	6
Floating point arithmetic	15,000	10
Control transfer	8,000	3

1) Determine

1. the program execution time,
2. the effective CPI for the machine,
3. MIPS rate for the following processors.

*Please show work for each answer placed in the Table.

Processor	Execution Time	CPI	MIPS rate
M1 - 350 MHz
M2 - 800 MHz
M3 - 1 GHz

2) What is the speed up of M2 from M1?

3) what is the speed up of M3 from M1?

4) What is the speed up of M3 from M2?

17. Consider two different machines with two different instruction sets, both of which have a clock rate of 400 MHz. The following measurements are recorded on the two machines running a given set of benchmark programs.

Instruction Type	Instruction Count (millions)	Cycles per Instruction
Machine A Arithmetic and logic Load and store Branch Others	8 4 2 4	1 3 4 3
Machine B Arithmetic and logic Load and store Branch Others	10 8 2 4	1 2 3 4

1. Determine
   1. the program execution time,
   2. the effective CPI for the machine,
   3. MIPS rate for each machine.

*Please show work for each answer in the Table.

Processor	Execution Time	CPI	MIPS rate
Machine A
Machine B

2) Comment on the result.

18. We have two types of machine as follows:

Processor	Clock Rate (MHz)	MIPS rate	CPU time (sec)
Machine A	5	1	12 x
Machine B	25	18	x

Mache A requires 12 times longer than Machine B measured in CPU time. For example, a program takes 1 second in Machine B will take 12 seconds.

1) What is the relative size of the instruction count for the program running on the two machines?

2) What is the effective CPI for the two machines?

Answer 1