Question

1. Ug99 is a lineage of wheat stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, which is present in wheat fields in several countries in Africa and the Middle East and is predicted to spread rapidly through these regions and possibly further afield, potentially causing a wheat production disaster that would affect food security worldwide. Screening of germplasm from wild and cultivated wheat have identified some resistance sources against this devastating pathogen. Unfortunately, GM wheat (Transgenic wheat) is not an acceptable option till this date that can speed up designing resistant transgenic plants.                      1A. Describe all possible approaches you will use to minimize losses from this pathogen?    1B. Describe the steps or methodology of your proposed research you will perform out of all the approaches you described in previous section of this question and why?

Answer 1

Well, Ug99 pathotype of Puccinia graminis is a fungal pest causing wheat stem rust that poses a high biosecurity risk to the wheat industry. It could cause total crop failure to African countries and middle east, economically important cereals wheat, barley, oats and rye. Stem rust is characterized by reddish brown powdery oblongpustules on stem as well asleaves. The Rust spores can spread large distances with wind and human-assisted movement of infected plant material and contaminated clothing. This Fungal pest considered as the major cereal yield reducing agents in many countries mainly in Africa.

1A. Appart from transgenic approach we can manage ug99 pest by different methods

  

1 A .In order to mitigate the threat of Ug99 stem rust, there is a need to reduce the area planted to susceptible cultivars. Rebuilding the “Sr2 –complex” is one of the long-term strategies to achieve long-term durability against stem rust.

1 B . One of the important strategies to reduce the susceptibility of wheat cultivars is the incorporation of different and diverse sources of resistance by repeated backcrossing and Rapid seed multiplication of developed lines and cultivars is the another important for making resistant varieties available to farmers.

1.C Also, it is important to spread awareness among farmers about the potential threat due to Ug99 and promote Ug99 resistant varieties in areas where this race is already present or a potential threat.

2. Breeding approaches:

Selection of high resisted variety breed of Wheat and Identification of resistant genes in germpalsm. There are some genes are present in wheat associated with resistance against stem rust. Sry3, Sry 4, Sry 5 etc. Identifcation of these genes locas thorough molecular marker based technologies and repeated breeding stratagies is great challange for control prucinia graminis in wheat species.

2b. spread awareness about te farmers is the another approach against the pest. This Pest can through cross contamination between plants and Human cloths. Hygien practice in the field also reduce the species.