Question

Describe the features of eukaryotic cells that assist in various types of gene regulation AND provide an example of how it assists. (please type answer so it is easier to read)

Answer 1

The eukaryotic system is a bit complicated than prokaryotic system . Prokaryotic system is controlled and regulated by operon system . But in eukaryotes there are different structures and complexities . As we know the eukaryotic DNA is wrapped around histone protein . So the gene be only transcribed after releasing the DNA from histone protein . We can do this with the help of different level of gene regulation and control machinery using different enzymes . Histone acetylation and deacetylation is used for coiling and decoiling of DNA . Histone acetylation provide access to DNA . While methylation can do both coiling and decoiling . It will depend on the type of regulation .

When we talk about the structure first difference is the DNA wrapped around the histone protein . Another structural differences are presence of exons and introns . Introns are junk element of DNA while exons are section of gene code for protein . So splicing is done to join all the exons and removing introns from mRNA . There are different promoter controlling segment on DNA . A single gene has a single dedicated promoter . This is another structural difference of eukaryotic system. Protein complexes are required for transcription of one particular gene . There are two types of transcription factor - activator and inhibitor . They work according to the need of the system .

A enhancer ( distal element ) in the DNA of eukaryote is very specific to interaction with activator protein . They have the ability to fold the DNA into loop. The loop attracts eukaryotic RNA polymerase then transcription and translation is performed .