Question

how to determine the position of the object in the tunnel system by using the (ultrasonic, infrared and rotation sensors) explain how to reached the object

Answer 1

Ultrasonic Sensor -

Ultrasonic sound vibrates at a frequency above the range of human hearing.

Transducers are the microphones used to receive and send the ultrasonic sound.

Our ultrasonic sensors, like many others, use a single transducer to send a pulse and to receive the echo. The sensor determines the distance to a target by measuring time lapses between the sending and receiving of the ultrasonic pulse.

The working principle of this module is simple. It sends an ultrasonic pulse out at 40kHz which travels through the air and if there is an obstacle or object, it will bounce back to the sensor. By calculating the travel time and the speed of sound, the distance can be calculated.

Distance measurement is based on the measurement of time-of-flight. The time between sending and receiving the reflected sound signal is calculated by the sensor. Ultrasonic distance sensors, like the MB7360 HRXL-MaxSonar-WR, are used in as height monitors, bin level measurement and proximity zone detect.   

• Ex. Distance measurement would be applied in a garage parking application, sensing when a vehicle is pulled completely into a garage.
• The MB7360 has been used as a bin level sensor to detect the presence or absence of grain and other materials in bins.

Infrared Sensor -

Infrared sensors work on the principle of reflected light waves. Infrared light reflected from objects or sent from an infrared remote or beacon. Infrared sensors are also used to measure distance or proximity. The reflected light is detected and then an estimate of distance is calculated between sensor and object.

Infrared sensor values normally fluctuate in variant light conditions.

When objects pass within the range, the light waves detect those objects and reflect the presence back to the sensor. Their wavelengths are less than that of microwaves. While they’re able to detect motion, they can also measure the emission of heat by an object.

Ultrasonics aren’t as good as Infrared at defining edges of an area.