A hemisphere of radius R is centered on the origin and immersed in an electric field, E, given by E = (B cos(θ) / r) r + Ar^2 sin^2 (θ) θ + Cr^3 cos^2 (θ) φ. Find the charge enclosed in the hemisphere

Write the first law of thermodynamics for magnetic material, and derive thermodynamic potentials and Maxwell equations. Determine the difference in heat capacitance in the case of constant magnetic field and permanent magnetization.

In a nuclear power plant, heat from radioactive decay boils water and produces steam. If 250 Liters/min of water are turned to steam, and the efficiency of this system is 0 .5575% then determine:

a)How many Joules/minute can be produced by this generator? The latent heat of vaporization of water is 2,230 J/g.

b) if the energy content of the enhanced Uranium fuel used in the reactor is 500,000 MJ/kg (really!), how much Uranium PER YEAR is “used” to boil water? In other words, since all the used Uranium must be stored somewhere, how much waste does the reactor produce per year? Give your answer in metric tons (one ton = 1000 kg)

Describe the process that occurs when an object is put into vibration and the sound wave energy travels across the room. How does it get there? And how does it eventually become electrical energy in your brain? Please describe the processes of auditory transduction from acoustic to mechanical to hydraulic to electrical, describing the parts of the auditory system involved at each change.

1. Consider a charge configuration in which a point charge of strength +50 nC is placed at (x, y, z) = (+2.0, 0, 0) m, and another point charge, of strength −25 nC, is placed at (x, y, z) = (−2.0, 0, 0) m.

   1. (i) Calculate an expression for the electric potential along the x-axis between the two charges.

      Hint: exercise care with how you define the value for r for each charge.

   2. (ii) Make a rough plot (by hand) of the potential along the x-axis between the two

      charges.

   3. (iii) Use your expression to calculate the electric field along the x-axis between the two charges, and confirm that the direction of the field is correctly obtained.

   4. (iv) A test charge of strength +10 nC is placed at (x, y, z) = (−1.0, 0, 0) m. It is then moved to (x,y,z) = (+1.0,0,0) m. By how much has the test charge’s electrical potential energy changed when moved?

There is a coil in a plane of a page that contains 25 turns (loops). The diameter of the coil is 9.00cm and its resistance is 5.0Ω. The coil is in a uniform magnetic field directed out of the page. At t = 0, the magnitude of the field is 0.200T. The strength of the field is increased at a constant rate for 10.0s until it reaches 2.20 T. It is held constant at that value for 9.00s. Then it is decreased at a constant rate for 15.0s until it reaches zero.

1) Find the induced current in the coil at (i) t = 9.00 s, (ii) t = 15.0 s, (iii) t = 20.0 s?

2) At each of the times listed in the first part, if the magnitude of the current is non-zero, determine the direction of the current. (Apply to Lenz’s law.)

A meteoroid of mass = 555 kg has a speed of 90.0 m/s when 700 km above the Earth. It is falling vertically (ignore air resistance) and strikes a bed of sand in which it is brought to rest in 3.49 m. (a) How much work does the force of gravity do on the meteoroid on the way to the surface? GJ (b) What is the speed of the meteoroid just before striking the sand? m/s (c) How much work does the force of gravity do on the meteoroid after it hits the surface? GJ (d) How much work does the sand do to stop the meteoroid? GJ (e) What is the average force exerted by the sand on the meteor? GN (f) How much thermal energy is produced? GJ

Rubidium-strontium dating. The rubidium isotope 8737Rb, a β emitter with a half-life of 4.75×1010yr, is used to determine the age of rocks and fossils. Rocks containing fossils of ancient animals contain a ratio of 8738Sr to 8737Rb of 0.0310.

Assuming that there was no 8738Sr3887Sr present when the rocks were formed, estimate the age of these fossils.

Consider the following four blocks, all of which are attached to identical springs:

block A: mass = 200·g, spring stretched 10·cm
block B: mass = 800·g, spring stretched 20·cm
block C: mass = 400·g, spring stretched 20·cm
block D: mass = 400·g, spring stretched 20·cm.

(a) All the blocks are placed on a level surface that has no significant friction. For each of the following ranking tasks use the symbols > and = to indicate your ranking (ties are possible), listing any that are equal in alphabetical order. For example, if Y and Z are the same and are both greater than X, then you would enter Y=Z>X (note: Z=Y>X would be incorrect, since Y and Z, being equal, must be in alphabetical order). Rank the blocks, from largest to smallest, based on the potential energy stored in the spring attached to each block.
largest PE  smallest PE

(b) The springs are released and the blocks begin to move. Rank the blocks, from largest to smallest, based on their kinetic energy when they reach the mid-point of their oscillation (i.e., when their springs are unstretched)?
largest KE  smallest KE

(c) Compare the relative speed of blocks A and B when they reach their mid-points. Choose one answer only.

speed of A > speed of Bspeed of A = speed of B    speed of B > speed of A

(d) Compare the relative speed of blocks A and D when they reach their mid-points. Choose one answer only.

speed of A > speed of Dspeed of A = speed of D    speed of D > speed of A

Comet ISON is one of the more recent comets that was originally called the "comet of the century" but turned out to be less spectacular than predicted, while in the mid-1990s, there were two other very bright comets visible that made them real "comets of the century". Still, though, let's compare their orbits.

a) Here is the link to the ephemeris for ISON: http://scully.cfa.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/returnprepeph.cgi?d=c&o=CK12S010 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. -- note that q is the perihelion distance, and e is its eccentricity. Why don't they list a semi-major axis or period for its orbit? Can you describe what happened after its perihelion passage and how that relates to the values you gave previously?

b) Here is the link to the ephemeris for Hale-Bopp: http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/comet/ephemjpl8.html (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. -- note that q and e are provided for it, too. Calculate its semi-major axis in AU.

c) Calculate the aphelion and perihelion velocities for Hale-Bopp. Calculate the circular velocity for an object with a circular orbit with a radius equal to the aphelion distance of Hale-Bopp. How much would you have to change the velocity of an object on a circular orbit at that distance to put it on an orbit like Hale-Bopp's? What mechanisms do you know of that would potentially be able to change an object's velocity by that much?

“No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right; a single experiment can prove me wrong.” a famous quote of Albert Einstein,

Does this statement support inductivism?

Also, what does it to do with falcification ?

Suppose you have a system and you know its wavefunction. You want to know a property of this system and you know the operator for that property. But sadly, the system’s wavefunction is not an eigenfunction of the operator. Explain how you would calculate a value for the property. Annotations

If the Earth’s crust contained twice as much iron as it does, would atmospheric oxygen buildup have been slowed down or sped up during the past 2.5 billion years?

What would the consequence of this have been for the evolution of aerobic respiration, the ozone layer, green plants, and animals?