Question

Write the phonological rules that derives the allophones [x] and [ç] from the phoneme.

Answer 1

Ans :- Phonological rule is a formal way of expressing a systematic phonological or morphophonological process or diachronic sound change in language.

Phonology :- linguistic sounds (phones ) as a system; the mental representation of sounds ( how they are represented in the brain & how thay interact with each other when they are put in words).

Phoneme :- minimal linguistic unit that can change meaning.

We can detect phonemes with minimal pairs = pairs of word that differ in:

i) Meaning

ii) One phone one feature

for example :- ffmiceff VS ffniceff

Allophones :- Surface or phonetic manifestation of the same phone. Each phoneme has atleast one phoneme, but some phoneme have more than one.

Deriving Phonological rules for [x] and [c] allophones from the phoneme :-

[c] and [x] are traditionally regarded as front vowels and back vowels, respectively. In German, these two sounds are allophones occuring in complementary distribution. The allophone [x] occurs after back vowels and /a a:/, the allophone [c] after front vowels and consonants. The allophones also appears after vocalized < r > in superregional variants.