Question

There can be more than one correct answer! Thanks

37. During the Cephalic and Gastric Phases of the control of stomach activity, what aspect of stomach activity is stimulated by similar controls?

A. acid secretion and pepsinogen secretion

B. pepsinogen secretion and gastric motility

C. acid secretion and gastric motility

D. gastric motility, acid secretion, and pepsinogen secretion

---------------

38. Both long and short reflexes are present during the Gastric and the Intestinal Phases of the control of stomach activity.

A. True

B. False

-----------------

41. Secretin has what effect(s)?

A. decreases gastric emptying, motility, and secretion

B. increases HCO3 - secretion from bile duct cells

C. increases HCO3 - secretion from pancreatic duct cells

D. increases gastric emptying, motility, and secretion

----------------------

42. What is the frequency of segmentation, expressed in contractions per minute, in the duodenum?

A. 3

B. 6

C. 12

D. 24

Answer 1

37.option d is correct because-

The response to food begins even before food enters the mouth. The first phase of ingestion, called the cephalic phas, is controlled by the neural response to the stimulus provided by food. All aspects—such as sight, sense, and smell—trigger the neural responses resulting in salivation and secretion of gastric juices. The gastric and salivary secretion in the cephalic phase can also take place due to the thought of food. Right now, if you think about a piece of chocolate or a crispy potato chip, the increase in salivation is a cephalic phase response to the thought. The central nervous system prepares the stomach to receive food.

The gastric phase begins once the food arrives in the stomach. It builds on the stimulation provided during the cephalic phase. Gastric acids and enzymes process the ingested materials. The gastric phase is stimulated by

(1) distension of the stomach,

(2) a decrease in the pH of the gastric contents,

(3) the presence of undigested material. This phase consists of local, hormonal, and neural responses. These responses stimulate secretions and powerful contractions.

38. True -Explaination

Gastric activity involved in digestion is divided into three stages known as the cephalic phase, the gastric phase, and the intestinal phase. These phases overlap and all three can occur simultaneously.

41. Option c is correct because-

Secretin helps regulate the pH of the duodenum by

(1) inhibiting the secretion of gastric acid from the parietal cells of the stomach and

(2) stimulating the production of bicarbonate from the ductal cells of the pancreas.

42. Option c is correct because-

the maximum frequency of contractions in the human stomach is about 3 times per minute, in the duodenum about 12 times per minute, which decreases to about 6 to 8 times per minute in the ileum.