Question

Describe the differences between each of the five pure production processes. What are the main characteristics of each, i.e., volume and variety capabilities, unit costs, etc.? Provide an example of a product or service that would best be produced by each process.

Answer 1

Production system is a set of interrelated components which receives the inputs and transform it into desirable output.

FIVE PURE PRODUCTION PROCESSES :-

The main production processes are :-

• Mass production
• Project
• Jobshop production
• Batch production
• Continuous or flow production.

1. MASS PRODUCTION :-

It is the production of standardized components or parts on a large scale. Standardization of machines, materials, products, processes etc are the basic feature of mass production.

Characteristics :-

• Production rate or volume is high.
• Labour cost is less in this process and not much skilled labour is needed here.
• Highly standardized products, tools and materials.
• Each process of production has each machines separately.

Example :-

Automobiles, elecronics, electrical goods etc.

2. PROJECT :-

Project deals with one kind of a product which are tailored to the unique requirements of each customer.

Characteristics :-

• Every process is unique in project.
• This process is temporary in nature.
• Project must be according to customers' preference.
• The main purpose of this project is to make single definable item.

Example :-

Construction company.

3. JOBSHOP PRODUCTION :-

It is the type of process where there is machines and equipments for every job. Organization gives job to a single worker or a group of workers, totally dependa upon the job. Workers completes one job and moves into another one.

Characteristcs :-

• Large no. of machines are required for every job.
• Large no. of inventory and workers are needed to complete the job.
• According to the variation of the job, unit costs also vary.
• This process is flexible in nature.

Example :-

Construction of bridges, ships, buildings, satelite etc.

4. BATCH PRODUCTION :-

Batch production process are used when there is a requirements that the work for any task is divided into parts or operation. And each operation is completed throughout the whole batch before starting the next operation.

Characteristics :-

• Skilled labour is needed in this type of process.
• Material handling is less compared to jobshop.
• Queuing is more in this process and unit cost is moderate.
• For efficient production, this process needs planning and controlling.

Example :-

Production of electronic instruments, transformers, jet engine etc.

5. CONTINUOUS OR FLOW PRODUCTION :-

Continuous production process is specialized in manufacturing of identical products. It is normally associated with large quantities.

Characteristics :-

• Standard product supply through the year for demanding products.
• Minimum material handling is required in this process.
• Cost of production per unit is also less.
• Queue is less as it is a continuous process.
• Maintenance cost is more as machines need quality checking frequently.

Example :-

Steelmaking involves continuous melting of raw materials, sugar granules are continuously made by sugarcane, fertilizers, cement etc.