Question

Which of the following is NOT an accurate description for epithelial cells?

a.	interconnected	c.	held together by tight junctions
b.	symmetrical	d.	glycoprotein-covered

Lipopolysaccharides, flagellin, and double-stranded DNA are microbe-associated molecular patterns recognized by

a.	tight junctions.	c.	tumor necrosis factors.
b.	ribosomes.	d.	pattern recognition receptors.

Which of the following statements is true?

a.	Type I and type II interferons have the same effect on the body.
b.	Interferon-alpha promotes phagocytosis.
c.	Type II interferons increase MHC antigens on the surface of macrophages.
d.	Interferon-gamma is a type I interferon.

The classical, alternative, and lectin complement pathways all converge with the activation of

a.	C1.	c.	C3.
b.	C2.	d.	C5.

Which of the following statements is true?

a.	Macrophages interact with inhibitory glycoproteins to recognize self.
b.	Phagocytosis is a specific immune response.
c.	Opsonization prevents phagocytosis.
d.	Capsules enhance phagocytosis.

Which nonspecific defense mechanism is mismatched with its associated body structure or body fluid?

a.	lysozyme—tears	c.	keratin—skin
b.	acidic pH—stomach	d.	Langerhans cell—lungs

Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) includes all of the following EXCEPT

a.	tonsils.	c.	M cells.
b.	adenoids.	d.	alveolar macrophages.

Answer 1

answer 1 :- glycoprotein covering. as we can found this covering in different other cells also , like bacterial cell.

answer 2 :- pattern recognition receptor ; it is a proteins capable of recognizing molecules frequently found in pathogens . On bacterial cell we foun flagellin and lipopolysaccharides on its cell membrane.

answer 3 :- interferon alpha promotes phagocytosis of viral attacked cells. Type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) is secreted by virus-infected cells while type II, immune or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) is mainly secreted by T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages.

answer4 :- C2 , The lectin pathway is a type of cascade reaction in the complement system, similar in structure to the classical complement pathway. it proceeds through the action of C4 and C2 to produce activated complement proteins further down the cascade.

answer 5 :- macrophages interact with glycoprotein to recognise self . As macrophages have pattern recognition receptor protein with the help of it , differentiate the self and forein cell.

answer 6:- langerhance cells and lungs . langerhance cells present in pancrease.

answer 7 :- alveolar macrophges. it is a part of lungs and not gut