Question

Explanation how hydrostatic pressures provide the driving force for the filtration process and identify the functional components of the kidney that contribute to this process.Why can the kidney be considered a endocrine gland and what hormones and their functions originate within components of the nephron? Discriminate between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons.

Answer 1

The hydrostatic pressure of the glomerular capillaries and the capsular hydrostatic pressure of the bowmans capsule act in the opposite direction and produce net filtration pressure which filters the blood.The bownans capsule, glomerulus contribute to the hydrostatic pressure.kidney can be considered as an endocrine gland because it release renin from the juxtaglomerular cells of the nephron when there is a fall in the blood pressure.Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin1 which is converted into angiotensin 2 in the lungs by the angiotensin converting enzyme.Angiotensin 2 causes release of aldosterone which causes sodium and water reabsorption from the nephron leading to increased blood volume and maintenance of normal blood pressure.

	Cortical nephrons	juxtamedulary nephron
1	glomerulus is present in the upper region of the cortex	glomerulus is present at the junction of cortex and medulla
2	loop of henley is small upto the upper layers of medulla	loop of henley is long and present deep to medulla
3.	Rate of filtration slow	rate of filtration is high
4	Major function is excretion of waste products in urine	Major function is concentration of urine by the counter current exchange system