Question

-Calculate several ratios—I would suggest at least one from each of the categories (profitability, liquidity, solvency, and activity/efficiency) from chapter 4 (chapter 11 in Marshall) in the text plus at least one ratio that you have found somewhere else or even made up.  

-Examine the numerator and denominator of your primary ratio.

-Examine your primary ratio more thoroughly

Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2018	Jan. 31, 2017	Jan. 31, 2016
Revenues:
Net sales	$ 495,761	$ 481,317	$ 478,614
Membership and other income	4,582	4,556	3,516
Total revenues	500,343	485,873	482,130
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales	373,396	361,256	360,984
Operating, selling, general and administrative expenses	106,510	101,853	97,041
Operating income	20,437	22,764	24,105
Interest:
Debt	1,978	2,044	2,027
Capital lease and financing obligations	352	323	521
Interest income	(152)	(100)	(81)
Interest, net	2,178	2,267	2,467
Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt	3,136	0	0
Income before income taxes	15,123	20,497	21,638
Provision for income taxes	4,600	6,204	6,558
Consolidated net income	10,523	14,293	15,080
Consolidated net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	(661)	(650)	(386)
Consolidated net income attributable to Walmart	$ 9,862	$ 13,643	$ 14,694
Net income per common share:
Basic net income per common share attributable to Walmart	$ 3.29	$ 4.40	$ 4.58
Diluted net income per common share attributable to Walmart	$ 3.28	$ 4.38	$ 4.57
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic	2,995	3,101	3,207
Diluted	3,010	3,112	3,217
Dividends declared per common share	$ 2.04	$ 2.00	$ 1.96

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Millions Jan. 31, 2018 Jan. 31, 2017 Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 6,756 $ 6,867 Receivables, net 5,614 5,835 Inventories 43,783 43,046 Prepaid expenses and other 3,511 1,941 Total current assets 59,664 57,689 Property and equipment: Property and equipment 185,154 179,492 Less accumulated depreciation (77,479) (71,782) Property and equipment, net 107,675 107,710 Property under capital lease and financing obligations: Property under capital lease and financing obligations 12,703 11,637 Less accumulated amortization (5,560) (5,169) Property under capital lease and financing obligations, net 7,143 6,468 Goodwill 18,242 17,037 Other assets and deferred charges 11,798 9,921 Total assets 204,522 198,825 Current liabilities: Short-term borrowings 5,257 1,099 Accounts payable 46,092 41,433 Accrued liabilities 22,122 20,654 Accrued income taxes 645 921 Long-term debt due within one year 3,738 2,256 Capital lease and financing obligations due within one year 667 565 Total current liabilities 78,521 66,928 Long-term debt 30,045 36,015 Long-term capital lease and financing obligations 6,780 6,003 Deferred income taxes and other 8,354 9,344 Commitments and contingencies Equity: Common stock 295 305 Capital in excess of par value 2,648 2,371 Retained earnings 85,107 89,354 Accumulated other comprehensive loss (10,181) (14,232) Total Walmart shareholders' equity 77,869 77,798 Noncontrolling interest 2,953 2,737 Total equity 80,822 80,535 Total liabilities and equity $ 204,522 $ 198,825

Answer 1

There are various financial ratios that can be deduced from the question

-under profitability we have Return on Assets

= Net Income/Assets *100

= 10523/204522 * 100

= 5.15%

-under liquidity we have Working Capital

=Current Assets - Current Liabilities

=59664-78,521

=$(18857)

-Under Solvency we have Debt-Equity Ratio

= Debt Funds / Equity Funds

=(30045+6780)/80822

=0.45 times

- Under efficiency ratios we have Net Sales/ cash Ratio=

=Net Sales/ Cash

=495761/6756

=73.38 times

From among there options we can consider our Primary Ratio as Debt Equity Ratio.

The Neumerator of our Ratio is total of all Funds raised as borrowings from outsiders (banks, debenture holders) and denominator comprises of our capital from shareholders (equity as well preference)

Debt to equity ratio is a solvency ratio that indicates the soundness of long-term financial position of a company. It shows the relation between the portion of assets financed by creditors and the portion of assets financed by stockholders. As the debt to equity ratio expresses the relationship between external equity (liabilities) and internal equity (stockholder’s equity), it is also known as “external-internal equity ratio”.

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