Question

Marc Goudreau, administrator of Clearwater Hospital, was puzzled by the prior month ’s reports. “Every month, it’s anyone’s guess whether the lab will show a profit or a loss. Perhaps the only answer is to increase our lab fees again.”

“We can’t,” replied Rhoda Groves, the controller. “There are still a lot of complaints about the last increase, particularly from the insurance companies and government health units. They’re now paying only about 82% of what we bill. I’m beginning to think the problem is on the cost side.”

To determine if the Clearwater lab costs are in line with those of other hospital labs, Goudreau has asked you to evaluate the costs for the past month. Groves has provided you with the following information:

a.	Two basic types of tests are performed in the lab—smears and blood tests. During the past month, 2,400 smears and 600 blood tests were performed in the lab.
b.	Small glass plates are used in both types of tests. During the past month, the hospital purchased 20,000 plates at a cost of $42,240. This cost is net of a 4% purchase discount. A total of 2,000 of these plates were unused at the end of the month; no plates were on hand at the beginning of the month.
c.	During the past month, 1,200 hours of labour time were used in performing smears and blood tests. The cost of this labour time was $11,700.00.
d.	The lab’s variable overhead cost last month totalled $5,630.
e.	Fixed overhead cost last month totalled $13,000.

  

Clearwater Hospital has never used standard costs. By searching industry literature, however, you have determined the following nationwide averages for hospital labs:

  

Plates:	Three plates are required per lab test. These plates cost $2.20 each and are disposed of after the test is completed.
Labour:	Each smear should require 0.3 hours to complete, and each blood test should require 0.6 hours to complete. The average cost of this lab time is $12 per hour.
Overhead:	Overhead cost is based on direct labour-hours. The average rate of variable overhead is $4 per hour. The average rate of fixed overhead is $10 per hour. These rates are based on a denominator activity level of 1,250 hours per month.

Required:

1.	Compute the materials price variance for the plates purchased last month, and compute a materials quantity variance for the plates used last month. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance).)
	1) Material Price Variance ---- 2) Material Quantity Variance----

2-a.	Compute a labour rate variance and a labour efficiency variance for the lab. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Do not round intermediate calculation and round your final answers to 1 decimal place.)
	1) Labour rate variance---- 2) Labour Quantity Variance

  

3-a.	Compute the variable overhead spending and efficiency variances. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance).) 1) variable overhead spending variance--- 2) variable overhead efficiency variance---

4.	Compute the fixed overhead budget and volume variances. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance).) ?1) fixed overhead budget variance-- 2) fixed overhead volume variance---

Answer 1

Answer 1:

Standards:

Three plates are required per lab test.

2,400 smears and 600 blood tests were performed in the lab.

Hence standard quantity of plates required = (2,400 + 600) * 3 = 9,000

Quantity of Plates used = Beginning Inventory + Purchase - Ending inventory = 0 + 20,000 - 2,000 = 18,000

Standard price per plate = $2.20

Actual Price =   $42,240 /20,000 = $2.112

i) Material Price Variance = (Standard Price ? Actual Price ) × Actual Quantity purchased

= ($2.20 - $2.112) * 20,000 = $1,760 F

ii) Material Quantity Variance = (Standard Quantity usage – Actual Quantity used) x Standard Price

= (9,000 - 18,000) * 2.20 = - $19,800 or 19,800 U

Answer 2a:

Standards:

Each smear should require 0.3 hours to complete, and each blood test should require 0.6 hours to complete.

Standard labor hours required = 2,400 * 0.3 + 600 * 0.6 = 1,080

Actual labor hours = 1,200

Standard labor rate per hour = $12

Actual labor rate per hour = $11,700 /1200 = $9.75

The average cost of this lab time is $12 per hour

i) Labor rate variance = (Standard Rate ? Rate) × Actual hours worked

= ($12.00 - $9.75) * 1,200 = $2,700 F

ii) Labor Quantity Variance = (Standard Hours ? Actual Hours) * Standard rate

= (1,080 - 1200) * $12.00 = -$1,440 or $1,440 U

Answer 3 a:

Standard rate of variable overhead = $4 per hour

1) Variable overhead spending variance = standard variable overhead - actual variable overhead

= 1,200 * $4.00 - $5,630 = - $ 830 or $830 U

2) Variable overhead efficiency variance = (Standard hours - actual hours) * Standard overhead rate

= (1,080 - 1,200) * $4.00 = - $480 or $480 U

Answer 4:

Standards:

The average rate of fixed overhead is $10 per hour.

Actual Fixed overhead cost = $13,000

i) Fixed overhead budget variance = Budgeted fixed overhead - actual fixed overhead

= 1,080 * $10 - $13,000 = - $2,200 or $2,200 U

ii) Fixed overhead volume variance = Fixed overhead budgeted - Fixed overhead applied

= 1,080 * $10 - 1,200 *$10 = $1,200 F