Question

1) what class of organic compunds does the carbon-containing reactant in the reaction above belong to CH3+CH2+CH2+(C=O) +CH3 +H2 arrows both ways H+? There is a bond in between C and O I put it in brackets and there is a bond between C and CH3?

2) Give the IUPAC name for carbon-containing reactant in the reaction above?

3) Give the product of this reduction/hydrogenation reaction. What is IUPAC name of the product?

Explain why aldehyde like ethanol and paropanol are all soluble in water, but heptanal and octanal are not. In the response include discussion of intermolecular attractive forces.

Could you please help me. I am lost with the answers

Answer 1

Alcohols can be considered to be derivatives of water, HOH. If you replace one of the H atoms with an R group, you will form an alcohol, ROH. Alcohols contain a hydroxyl group and are generally represented as ROH, where R is an alkyl group and the –OH represents a hydroxyl group. Alcohols bear an –OH group and can form hydrogen bonds with each other. Alcohols can also form hydrogen bonds with water. Small alcohols (ethanol and propanol ) are very soluble in water. because it contains 2 & 3 carbons which is non polar part of molecule and it will not soluble in water. when this non polar part is with 2 & 3 carbons –OH group is enough to make the molecule soluble in water.

   In larger alcohols like heptanal and octanal, the nonpolar hydrocarbon chains form a bigger proportion of the molecule, and a single –OH group is no longer enough to make the molecule soluble in water