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What are the characteristics of a company Merge & Acquisition of the late 1970s and early...

What are the characteristics of a company Merge & Acquisition of the late 1970s and early 1980s?

What were the characteristics of a company Merge & Acquisition in the rest of the 1980s?

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Solutions

Expert Solution

About merger & acquisition:

  1. In merger, there is complete amalgamation of the assets and liabilities as well as shareholders' interests and businesses of the merging companies.
  2. Forms of merger :
  • Horizontal merger: Acquisition of a company in the same industry in which the acquiring firm competes increases a firm's market power by exploiting.
  • Vertical merger: Acquisition of a supplier or distributor of one or more of the firm's goods or services.
  • Conglomerate merger​​​​​​: Acquisition by any company of unrelated industry.
  1. Acquisition may be defined as an act of acquiring effective control over assets or management of a company by another company with out any combination of businesses or companies.
  2. A substantial acquisition occurs when an acquiring firm acquires substantial quantity of shares or voting rights of the target company.

Characteristics of a company merger & acquisition of the late 1970s and early 1980s as well as in the rest of 1980s:

  1. Limit competition
  2. Utilise under-utilised market power
  3. Overcome the problem of slow growth and profitability in one's own industry
  4. Achieve risk diversification (Portfolio management)
  5. Gain economies of scale and increase income with proportionately less investment
  6. Establish a transnational bridgehead without excessive start-up costs to gain access to a foreign market
  7. Utilise under-utilised resources - human & physical and managerial skills
  8. Displace existing management
  9. Circumvent government regulations
  10. Reap speculative gains attendant upon new security issue or changes in P/E ratio
  11. Create an image of aggressiveness and strategic Opportunism, empire building and to amass vast economic powers of the company
  12. Synergies of various departments of companies
  13. Entering a new market is very easy for companies
  14. Low operating risk
  15. High liquidity & high debt capacity
  16. Replacement of inefficient management
  17. Sharing of complementary resources
  18. Free cash flows
  19. Monopoly power
  20. Tax savings
  21. Undervalued assets
  22. Hubris
  23. Stock market inefficiencies such as myopic market behaviour, fads or accounting tricks
  24. Pecuniary gains such as the breaking of implicit long-run labor contracts, transfer of wealth from bondholders or pecuniary economies
  25. Divergent expectations due to economic disturbances
  26. Speculative motives such as asset plays
  27. Retirement of senior management

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