Question

Mr. Bud. He is a construction worker that has been working on the Cape Cod Canal for the past ten years. He has been working outdoors in the direct sunlight where the temperature is 95 degrees Fahrenheit and humidity is 80%. He's sitting at the bar at 4 PM drinking 16 oz. Bud Lite beers with an equal number of bourbon shots. He's not eating the salty bar snacks because he is watching his weight although he's on his third Budweiser and weighs 255 pounds, 5’ 8” tall. His lunch also consisted of 3 Bud Lites.

Questions: Is Mr. Bud at risk for water intoxication, dehydration, or in fluid balance? What factors are affecting Mr. Bud's body fluid level and which hormones for fluid balance are affected by his lifestyle? Is his fluid volume dropping? If so, which hormones are released to compensate for this loss?

Mrs. Lovely and Mr. Money. Mrs. Lovely is closing in on 40 years old. She's the first one at the exercise club in the morning at 6 AM (the nanny takes the kids to school) and performs aerobic exercise for no less than two hours, five days a week. She does not believe in rehydration because she's afraid of water weight gain. She wants to return to a size O before her 40th birthday. Her percentage body fat is around 5%. Following her workout, she spends 20 minutes in the dry heat sauna then has a 45-minute massage. Her total caloric intake for a typical day is 1300 calories with few carbohydrates. She's sipping Lady Grey black tea.

Questions: Is Mrs. Lovely at risk for water intoxication, dehydrated, or in fluid balance? What factors are affecting her body fluid level and which hormones for fluid balance are affected by her lifestyle? Is her fluid volume dropping? If so, which hormones are released to compensate for this loss? Is Mrs. Lovely at risk for respiratory or metabolic alkalosis or acidosis? What is the compensatory mechanism working to rectify her self-induced condition?

Mr. Money works 60 hours per week and does not pay much attention to what he eats or drinks. Breakfast consists of two cups of black coffee. He suffers from a hiatal hernia and despite his doctor's advice he continues to work long stressful hours, drink coffee and alcohol, and eat fatty foods. Consequently, he experiences vomiting first thing in the morning and several times per day. His BP is 145/90 and higher during stress. He also has a mild heart condition for which he takes diuretics. He takes Prilosec and a handful of over-the-counter antacids daily. He drinks a glass full of sodium bicarbonate and water each night before bed to quell the heartburn. He and Mrs. Lovely usually eat out together for dinner (nanny cooks and puts the kids to bed too) at which time he tries to impress Mrs. Lovely with a show of concern for healthful eating by ordering a salad with grilled salmon for dinner accompanied by several glasses of white wine.

Questions: Is Mr. Money at risk for water intoxication, dehydrated, or in fluid balance? What factors are affecting his body fluid level and which hormones for fluid balance are affected by his lifestyle? Is his fluid volume dropping? If so, which hormones are released to compensate for this loss? Is Mr. Money at risk for respiratory or metabolic / alkalosis or acidosis? What is the compensatory mechanism working to rectify his self-induced condition?

Answer 1

1. Person is going to have DEHYDRATION because of regular intake of BEER, as it causes polyuria. To overcome this water loss he will start secreting hormone named ANTI DIURETIC HORMONE and ANGIOTENSIN Hormone

2. Here also she will have Dehydration as she is not taking adequate water intake whenever required. She will firstly have Metabolic Alkalosis due to loss of proton ( these proton got lost to conserve sodium along with that water also got conserved) now as a compensatory mechanism Respiratory acidosis will occur in the form of Hypoventilation

3. He will have Fluid balance as he is following a strict schedule to maintain his health. As he is taking diuretics there are chances his stocks of electrolyte will be disturb but then he overcome it by taking glass full of sodium bicarbonate

Now considering 1 and 2 case I am attaching two pics to clarifying it more