Question

Use SPSS to determine if academic program is related to feelings about PSYC 3002 by computing the appropriate chi square test.

1. Recall the four scales of measurement you learned about in Week 1 (i.e., nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio). Explain what scale of measurement is used to measure academic program in this example. How do you know?

2. Explain what scale of measurement is used to measure feeling about PSYC 3002. Explain how you know.

3. State whether this scenario requires a goodness of fit test or a test of independence. Explain your answer.

4. Before computing the chi square, state the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis in words (not formulas).

5. Identify the obtained χ2 using SPSS and report it in your answer document.

6. State the degrees of freedom and explain how you calculated it by hand.

7. Identify the p value using SPSS and report it in your answer document.

8. Explain whether you should retain or reject the null hypothesis and why.

9. Are the results statistically significant? How do you know?

10. Explain what you can determine about the relationship between academic program and feelings about PSYC 3002.

DATA SET:

	Nursing	Psychology
Nervous	16	3
Excited	4	17

Another way of looking at this data set would be:

16 Nervous Nursing Students

3 Nervous Psychology Students

4 Excited Nursing Students

17 Excited Psychology Students

Answer 1

Question 1

The nominal scale of measurement is used to measure academic program in this example because data collected for the students is nothing but the names of their major subjects or classes and their status of mood whether they are nervous or excited.

Question 2

The nominal scale of measurement is used to measure feeling about PSY 3002 because the feeling is explained by two categories such as nervous and excited.

Question 3

This scenario required a Chi-square test of independence between two categorical variables. For this scenario, two categories are given as major subject and feeling. Here, we have to check the hypothesis whether the two categorical variables major subject of student and feeling of a student are independent of each other or not.

Question 4

For this scenario, the null and alternative hypotheses are given as below:

Null hypothesis: H₀: The two categorical variables major subject of student and the feeling of the student are independent of each other.

Alternative hypothesis: H_a: The two categorical variables major subject of student and feeling of student are not independent from each other.

We can also write these hypotheses as below:

Null hypothesis: H₀: There is no any relationship between two categorical variables such as major subject of student and feeling of student.

Alternative hypothesis: H_a: There is a relationship between the two categorical variables such as major subject of student and feeling of student.

Question 5

The Chi square test statistic is given as 16.94235589.

Question 6

Number of rows = r = 2

Number of columns = c = 2

Degrees of freedom = (r – 1)*(c – 1) = (2 – 1)*(2 – 1) = 1*1 = 1

Degrees of freedom = 1

Question 7

P-value = 0.0000385

(by using Chi square table or excel)

Question 8

Reject the null hypothesis because p-value is less than alpha value 0.05.

Question 9

Yes, results are statistically significant because p-value for this test is given as 0.0000385 which is less than alpha value 0.05.

Question 10

There is sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a relationship between the two categorical variables such as major subject of student and feeling of student.

There is sufficient evidence to conclude that two categorical variables major subject of student and feeling of student are not independent from each other.

Required output for Chi square test is given as below:

Observed Frequencies
	Column variable
Row variable	Nursing	Psychology	Total
Nervous	16	3	19
Excited	4	17	21
Total	20	20	40
Expected Frequencies
	Column variable
Row variable	Nursing	Psychology	Total
Nervous	9.5	9.5	19
Excited	10.5	10.5	21
Total	20	20	40

Data
Level of Significance	0.05
Number of Rows	2
Number of Columns	2
Degrees of Freedom	1
Results
Critical Value	3.841459149
Chi-Square Test Statistic	16.94235589
p-Value	0.0000385
Reject the null hypothesis