Question

Topic: Construction - Footings

(Note: Briefly discuss in your own words and 1 paragraph minimum.)

Please provide your ideas and information regarding classification of footings.   

Answer 1

Footing is a type of foundation.Before having the explanation of the footing we need to know some basic

In any structure there are mainly two part one which is above the ground surface and another one that is below the ground surface these are known as the superstructure and the substructure respectively .The substructure is nothing but the foundation which is to designed for transfer of load of superstructure to the soil.the foundation can be majorly divided into two type.

1-Shallow foundation

2-Deep foundation

Again these can be sub divided

Shallow foundation-(Width>2 Depth)

a-Spread or Isolated or Pad Footing

b-Strap Footing

c-Combined Footing

d-Strip or Continuous Footing

e-Mat or Raft Footing

Deep Foundation-(Depth>2 Width)

a-Pile Foundation

b-Pier Foundation(Pier foundation has also 6 subdivision)

Now our area of concern is only footing as per question

Spread Footing- This is a slab of uniform thickness which can be a shape of square ,circular or rectangular ,the step is provided to distribute the load over larger area.when footing support an individual column termed as the isolated footing

Strap Footing-This is simply when two isolated footing s connected with each other through the lever or strap is known as strap footing

Combined Footing-When two or more column is very close and in such a way that their base structure overlap then in this condition both footing of the column is jointed and known as the combined footing.

Strip Footing-This is also a type of spread footing which provide load bearing wall,it can also be provided for a row of column because of this ,also known as the continuous footing.

Raft Footing-This is quiet similar to the continuous footing but difference is only that the raft or mat footing is extended in two side of the width while strip or continuous footing extension is only in on direction .Mat footing is useful in mainly the the reducing the differential settlement or non homogeneous soil settlement.