Question

Sulfanilamide, Tetracycline, and Penicillin list each one bacteria might become resistant to the drug.

Why these Sulfanilamide, Tetracycline, and Penicillin don't harm human cells?

what is the different about our cells?

Answer 1

Resistant Organsims-

1.Penicillin- Staphylococcus aureus and Neisseria gonorrhoeae .

2.Tetracyclin- Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus

3.Sulfanilamide-E.coli,Salmonella( Clinical resistance in gram-negative enteric bacteria is plasmid-borne and is effected by genes encoding alternative drug-resistance variants of the DHPS enzymes ).

Antibiotics are engineered to specifically inhibit mechanisms of DNA, proteins, and enzymes (which are necessary for survival) in bacteria so the cells do not replicate. Because of the way antibiotics are created, human cells should not be harmed. For example

Penicillin Donot Harm Human cell because-

Human cells do not need peptidoglycan. Penicillin, one of the first antibiotics to be used widely, prevents the final cross-linking step, or transpeptidation, in assembly of this macromolecule. The result is a very fragile cell wall that bursts, killing the bacterium.

Sulfanilamide donot Harm human cells-

All cells require folic acid and it can diffuse easily into human cells. But the vitamin cannot enter bacterial cells and thus bacteria must make their own. The sulfa drugs such as sulfonamides inhibit a critical enzyme--dihydropteroate synthase--in this process of Foliic acid synthesis in bacteria

Tetracyclin donot affect Human cell -

Tetracycline works by binding specifically to the 30S ribosome of the bacteria, preventing attachment of the aminoacyl tRNA to the RNA-ribosome complex. In humans there are 60S and 40 S ribosomes