Question

A.  How did the Mongols impact the political, social, and economic order of the Muslim societies they conquered? What did they change and what did they keep the same?

B.  How did Sufism develop from the early Abbasid period (800’s) up to the late medieval period (1400’s)? Under what conditions, if any, did medieval Muslims consider Sufi ideas dangerous?

C.  What social and political forces shifted the political center of the Islamic world from its location in 950 to its location in 1300?

D.  What impact did the Crusades have on medieval Muslim societies, and what impact did Islam have on the Crusaders? Was one side affected more greatly than the other?

Answer 1

A) Mongol king Chenghiz Khan conquered many regions in the 12th and the 13th centuries.The important among these was the Khwarezmian empire.The silk route trade was expanded to other major parts of the world.The route between central asia and china progressed.Shah mohammed II helped and collaborated with Chenghiz Khan in the development of silk route in central asia.Shah received the news that mongolian spies have entered the city and were trading with the mohammedan muslims there. The governer took control of the entire trade,money and the animals in the city. The trade agreement was destroyed and he declared a war on Shah in the region stretching over the yellow sea.Shah died in 1221 of pleurisy. The entire region was occupied by the friends and troops of Chenghiz Khan. The chinese silk weavers worked with the muslim silk weavers. A pot of gold was acquired by the traders during meetings as a token of exchange. Many luxury goods and precious items were exchanged between the traders in the silk route. The decline of silk route started after the death of the friend kings of chenghiz khan in the central asia region.

B) The end of the Sufi muslim Abbasid empire marked the end of the muslim empire. The muslim empire became fragmented. The religious institutions rised with tremendous developments. The trade developed with the change of exchange missionary policies. As the muslim population advanced the tax collection from non-muslim people was tremendoulsy decreased. Regional muslim rulers expanded less. Another was the confrontation between muslims and christians as muslim turks migrated into the islamic states.Mamluk slave soldiers of this region gained popularity as well the rise of muslim leader Saladin was prominent. The abbasids ruling ended with the mongol sacking of baghdad in 1258. Later persian and turkish ottoman empires developed leading to the rise of the muslim dynasty.

C) During the era of 900-950 saw the emergence of shafi jurisprudence in the islamic state,feudalism started to gain prominence in central europe,Abd-al-rahman declared a calipahte in cordoba,abbasid caliph lost power and authority to the turkish general,imami started to live in hidden regions,buyids later conquered baghdad.In the era from 1000-1400, the turkish and the baghdad armies started their conquests and their occupation of the particular regions. In 900----fine metallic work, glass work and ceramic work originated in Iran country.Eminnet scholars orginated like al--ghazali during this region in iran.Ikhanids in the mogol region originated during this time around 1300.Takht e-sulaiman originated during this region. Timur region originated during this time

D)The crusades include the war declared by the christians against the saracen muslims.The crusades started during 1095 when pope claremont started the first crusade against the muslims. The war started by christians due to their approach in trying to free the palestine state from mohammedans.There was major and minor crusades which were eight in number. The jerusalem marks the area of crucification of the jesus christ and his place of burial.