1. You use an ice bath when adding nitric acid to sulfuric acid.
Why?
2. You use an ice bath when adding sulfuric acid to methyl
benzoate. Why?
Exothermic is NOT the correct answer for 1 or
2.
5. If the sulfuric acid and nitric acid in rainwater are capable
of adversely affecting soil, trees, and fish, why doesn’t this same
acid adversely affect people when they walk in the rain? 6. Which
do you feel is likely to be more acidic: acid rain or acid fog?
Explain your reasoning.
What role does the sulfuric acid play in the formation of the
nitronium ion? Since nitric acid itself is an acid, then why should
a second acid (the sulfuric acid) be added?
1. Write the balanced equation (not the mechanism)
for the protonation of nitric acid by sulfuric acid, represented as
an equilibrium expression.
2. Write the equilibrium constant expression for the reaction
shown in question 1 above.
3. Consider the pKa values shown below:
H2SO4: -3
HSO4!: +2
HNO3: -1.3
H2NO3+: -13
Based on these pKa values, determine the equilibrium constant
for the reaction that you wrote down for question 1.
4. The proton NMR spectrum of chlorobenzene was examined by...
EAS//Nitration of bromobenzene
Brief summary of procedure.
- Mix sulfuric acid +nitric acid, then cool in water bath. Add
stir bar, condenser and reflux for 10 minutes while slowly adding
bromobenzene. Don't exceed 55 degrees celcius
- Heat mixture for 15 minutes below 60 degrees celcius.
Cooldown, then pour into 40 mL of cold h2o
- vacuum filtration to isolate crude bromonitrobenzene
- recrystallize with 95% ethanol (cool to room temp, then to 0
degrees celcius on ice)
- isolate...
when compounds are nitrated, typicallya mixture of concentrated
nitric and sulfuric acids are required. howerever, when phenol
undergoes nitration only dilute nitric acid is required. why is
this?
You are given 2.00 g of a mixture of phenol, aniline, phthalic
acid and methyl benzoate. Describe, how you would use an acid-base
extraction technique to separate all three compounds by drawing the
flowchart. Propose another way of extraction, where different order
of extraction is used (e.g., adding the acid first instead of a
base)
If
you are separating fatty acid methyl esters, what would expect to
be the order of elution? (i.e., which would elute from the column
first, second, third, etc.?). Explain your reasoning.
a. Butyric acid methyl ester
b. Palmitic acid methyl ester
c. Stearic acid methyl ester
d. Oleic acid methyl ester