Question

i've a presentation about Metabolism changes in Hypothyroidism & Hyperthyroidism. (I don't want to define them)

please I want detailed information with their reference

Answer 1

Metabolism changes in Hypothyroidism

Metabolism is the process by which your body converts the food and nutrients you consume into the energy you need to breathe, think, digest, circulate blood, regulate your body temperature, and perform other functions necessary to sustain life

While it’s not the only component involved in metabolism, “thyroid hormone is essential and is needed to run nearly every organ system in the body,”

A properly functioning thyroid helps your body maintain the level of hormones it needs to keep your metabolism running at a satisfactory rate. But if your thyroid doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormone, your metabolism and your body processes can slow down. You may experience symptoms such as fatigue, sleepiness, muscle weakness, constipation, sensitivity to cold, cognitive problems, dry skin, a hoarse voice, lower appetite, joint pain, and menstrual changes

When people think of metabolism, though, they generally think of weight. One of hypothyroidism’s most familiar symptoms is difficulty with weight loss. Though some blame extra pounds on hypothyroidism, the condition doesn’t cause as much weight gain as they may think. “If you’ve gained more than 5 to 10 pounds,”

hyperthyroidism changes

Metabolism: Thyroid hormones stimulate diverse metabolic activities most tissues, leading to an increase in basal metabolic rate. One consequence of this activity is to increase body heat production, which seems to result, at least in part, from increased oxygen consumption and rates of ATP hydrolysis. By way of analogy, the action of thyroid hormones is akin to blowing on a smouldering fire. A few examples of specific metabolic effects of thyroid hormones include:

• Lipid metabolism: Increased thyroid hormone levels stimulate fat mobilization, leading to increased concentrations of fatty acids in plasma. They also enhance oxidation of fatty acids in many tissues. Finally, plasma concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides are inversely correlated with thyroid hormone levels - one diagnostic indiction of hypothyroidism is increased blood cholesterol concentration.
• Carbohydrate metabolism: Thyroid hormones stimulate almost all aspects of carbohydrate metabolism, including enhancement of insulin-dependent entry of glucose into cells and increased gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis to generate free glucose

Hyperthyroidism, excess thyroid hormone, promotes a hypermetabolic state characterized by increased resting energy expenditure, weight loss, reduced cholesterol levels, increased lipolysis, and gluconeogenesis