Question

1.How does angle of aperture and resolution change with increasing lens magnification?

2.Define the science of microbiology and describe some of the general methods used in the study of microorganisms

3. Discuss the historical concept of spontaneous generation and the experiments that were performed to disprove this erroneous idea

4. Describe some of the various activities of microorganisms that are beneficial to humans

5. Discuss the origin of life, the RNA world, and the evolution of microorganism

Answer 1

THE FIRST QUESTION ASKED IS NOT RELATED TO BIOLOGY.

2.Microbiology is the study of microorganisms which include bacteria, protozoans,viruses,algae,fungi etc. Microbiology has various branches like bacteriology, mycology, protozoology and phycology.

some general methods used in study of microorganisms are as follows:

#Media culture is the most commonly used method used to study microorganisms. This method is used to grow a colony of desired bacteria in lab and study it.

4.various activities of microorganisms that are helpful to humans are:

#bacteria and fungi recycle natural waste, plant matter and animal waste. They increase the soil fertility.

#bacteria help in nitrogen fixation in soil.

#presence of bacteria in rootes of plants help them to absorb more nutrients from soil.

#bacteria are important in making bread, coffee,beer and cheese.

#they are helpful in digestion in humans.

#bacteria and viruses are widely used in vaccines such as vaccines used against small pox.

#some bacteria are used as vectors to manipulate genetic make up in biotechnology.

5.origin of life means the generation of life from on earth. The exact reason of origin of life on earth is not been proved yet. Various theories about origin of life have been stipulated but the exact reason or way of origin of life on earth is not known.

Rna world means that it was believed that rna was present even before there were dna or proteins on earth. It is a hypothetical theory. rna was belived to be present even in the primitive earth but it was highly unstable and lacked good catalytic ability so the ribosomes could not thrive and proteins could not be generated.

Evolution of microorganisms : Microorganisms originated around 3 to 3 billion years ago on earth. There are evidence of presence of bacteria , fungi, algae in amber which are around 220 million years old. The early evolution of microorganism was fast . One of the main reason of fast evolution could be ability to reproduce asexually through conjugation, fragmentation etc.