Question

Describe what is infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) and tell what chemical structure information can be determined from each.

Answer 1

Infrared (IR) spectrometry: when the light of IR region passed through some organic compound then the some frequencies of the IR are absorbed and remaining frequencies are transmitted. If the presence absorbance or transmittance is plotted against IR frequencies then we will get the IR spectrum of that compound.

Application of IR spectroscopy:

1. Study of kinetics of reaction
2. Control of purification of a compound
3. Detection of the presence of hydrogen bonding and its types like inter and intra also
4. Detection of compound and explanation its structure

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR): In nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) the nuclei which have spin (electrically charged) are put in some external field then an energy transfer is possible between the base energy to a higher energy level

This energy transfer takes place at a wavelength which is correspond to radio frequencies and when the spin returns to its base level at that time energy is emitted at the same frequency. The signal that matches this transfer which is measure in many ways and treat d in order to yield an NMR spectrum of a compound,

Application of NMR spectroscopy:

In chemistry there are many area where NMR spectroscopy is used out of which some are here:

1. Solution structure

1. Molecular dynamics
2. Protein folding
3. Ionization state
4. Weak intermolecular interactions
5. Hydrogen bonding
6. Drug screening and design
7. Metabolite analysis
8. Chemical analysis

Mass spectrum: In mass spectrum the chemical analysis did by the intensity vs. m/z (mass-to-charge ratio).Thus, this spectrum of a sample is a pattern representing the distribution of ions by mass or we can say also mass-to-charge ratio.

Application of MS spectroscopy:

1. Identifying unknown compounds,
2. Determine the isotopic composition of elements in a molecul
3. Determining the structure of a compound by observing its fragmentation
4. To quantifying the amount of a compound in a sample
5. Use to study physical, chemical, as well biological properties of compounds.