Question

Compare and contrast 5 differences between the humoral and cell-mediated responses of the Acquired Immune System to pathogen invasion. What cells and protein/chemical factors are involved in each during a successful response? How is long-term immunity produced? What cells and chemical factors are involved in both responses?

Answer 1

• Differences between the humoral and cell-mediated responses of the Acquired Immune System :-

1. The humoral immunity is associated with the B-lymphocytes and is responsible for destroying the pathogens by producing antibodies against it, whereas the cell-mediated immunity is associated with the T-lymphocytes and is responsible for the destroying the pathogens or microorganism which have invaded the cells without producing antibodies.

2. Humoral immunity is intimately associated with B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages, on the contrary, the cell-mediated immunity is associated with T-lymphocytes, helper T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages.

3. Humoral immunity plays a major role in recognizing antigen or any foreign particle and in producing antibodies against it. It is known for working against extracellular pathogens.

4. Cell-mediated immunity is related to T-lymphocytes, which work by identifying viruses and microorganisms, thus destroying them by the cell lysis or phagocytosis or pinocytosis. It is known for working against intracellular pathogens.

5. Humoral immunity secretes antibodies to fight against antigens, whereas cell-mediated immunity secretes cytokines and no antibodies to attack the pathogens.

• What cells and protein/chemical factors are involved in each during a successful response :-

Humoral immunity :-

Humoral immunity is also called antibody-mediated immunity. With assistance from helper T cells, B cells will differentiate into plasma B cells that can produce antibodies against a specific antigen. The humoral immune system deals with antigens from pathogens that are freely circulating, or outside the infected cells.

Cell mediated immunity :-

There are three types of T cells: cytotoxic, helper, and suppressor T cells. Cytotoxic T cells destroy virus-infected cells in the cell-mediated immune response, and helper T cells play a part in activating both the antibody and the cell-mediated immune responses.

• How is long-term immunity produced :-

Long-term immunity can be stimulated not only by infection but also by vaccines made from infectious agents that have been inactivated or, more commonly, from minute portions of the microbe. When the immune system malfunctions, it can unleash a torrent of disorders and diseases.

white blood cells are essential for long-term immune protection.

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