Question

Koontz Company manufactures two models of industrial components—a Basic model and an Advanced Model. The company considers all of its manufacturing overhead costs to be fixed and it uses plantwide manufacturing overhead cost allocation based on direct labor-hours. Koontz’s controller prepared the segmented income statement that is shown below for the most recent year (he allocated selling and administrative expenses to products based on sales dollars):

	Basic			Advanced			Total
Number of units produced and sold		20,000			10,000		30,000
Sales	$	3,000,000		$	2,000,000	$	5,000,000
Cost of goods sold		2,300,000			1,350,000		3,650,000
Gross margin		700,000			650,000		1,350,000
Selling and administrative expenses		720,000			480,000		1,200,000
Net operating income (loss)	$	(20,000	)	$	170,000	$	150,000

Direct laborers are paid $20 per hour. Direct materials cost $40 per unit for the Basic model and $60 per unit for the Advanced model. Koontz is considering a change from plantwide overhead allocation to a departmental approach. The overhead costs in the company’s Molding Department would be allocated based on machine-hours and the overhead costs in its Assemble and Pack Department would be allocated based on direct labor-hours. To enable further analysis, the controller gathered the following information:

	Molding			Assemble and Pack			Total
Manufacturing overhead costs	$	787,500		$	562,500	$	1,350,000
Direct labor hours:
Basic		10,000			20,000		30,000
Advanced		5,000			10,000		15,000
Machine hours:
Basic		12,000			-		12,000
Advanced		10,000			-		10,000

Required:

1. Using the plantwide approach:

a. Calculate the plantwide overhead rate.

b. Calculate the amount of overhead that would be assigned to each product.

2. Using a departmental approach:

a. Calculate the departmental overhead rates.

b. Calculate the total amount of overhead that would be assigned to each product.

c. Using your departmental overhead cost allocations, redo the controller’s segmented income statement (continue to allocate selling and administrative expenses based on sales dollars).

3. Koontz’s production manager has suggested using activity-based costing instead of either the plantwide or departmental approaches. To facilitate the necessary calculations, she assigned the company’s total manufacturing overhead cost to five activity cost pools as follows:

Activity Cost Pool	Activity Measure	Manufacturing Overhead
Machining	Machine-hours in Molding	$	417,500
Assemble and pack	Direct labor-hours in Assemble and Pack		282,500
Order processing	Number of customer orders		230,000
Setups	Setup hours		340,000
Other (unused capacity)			80,000
		$	1,350,000

She also determined that the average order size for the Basic and Advanced models is 400 units and 50 units, respectively. The molding machines require a setup for each order. One setup hour is required for each customer order of the Basic model and three hours are required to setup for an order of the Advanced model.

The company pays a sales commissions of 5% for the Basic model and 10% for the Advanced model. Its traceable fixed advertising costs include $150,000 for the Basic model and $200,000 for the Advanced model. The remainder of the company’s selling and administrative costs are organization-sustaining in nature.

Using the additional information provided by the production manager, calculate:

a. An activity rate for each activity cost pool.

b. The total manufacturing overhead cost allocated to the Basic model and the Advanced model using the activity-based approach.

c. The total selling and administrative cost traced to the Basic model and the Advanced model using the activity-based approach.

4. Using your activity-based cost assignments from requirement 3, prepare a contribution format segmented income statement that is adapted from Exhibit 6-8. (Hint: Organize all of the company’s costs into three categories: variable expenses, traceable fixed expenses, and common fixed expenses.)

5. Using your contribution format segmented income statement from requirement 4, calculate the break-even point in dollar sales for the Advanced model.

Answer 1

1
a.	Platwide overhead rate=Total manufacturing overhead cost/Total direct labor hours=1350000/(30000+15000)=1350000/45000=$ 30 per direct labor hour
b.	Overhead assigned=Direct labor hours*Predetermined overhead rate
	Basic:
	Overhead assigned=30000*30=$ 900000
	Advanced:
	Overhead assigned=15000*30=$ 450000
2
a.	Molding:
	Departmental overhead rates=Departmental overhead/Total machine hours in the department=787500/(12000+10000)=787500/22000=$ 35.80 per machine hour
	Assemble and pack:
	Departmental overhead rates=Departmental overhead/Total direct labor hours in the department=562500/(20000+10000)=562500/30000=$ 18.75 per machine hour
b.	Overhead assigned:
	Basic
	Overhead assigned=(Machine hours in molding department*Departmental overhead rate for Molding department)+(Direct labor hours in assemble and pack*Departmental overhead rate for assemble and pack department)=(12000*35.80)+(20000*18.75)=429600+375000=$ 804600
	Advanced:
	Overhead assigned=(Machine hours in molding department*Departmental overhead rate for Molding department)+(Direct labor hours in assemble and pack*Departmental overhead rate for assemble and pack department)=(10000*35.80)+(10000*18.75)=358000+187500=$ 545500

c.						Basic	Advanced	Total
	Number of units produced and sold					20000	10000	30000
						$	$	$
	Sales					3000000	2000000	5000000
	Cost of goods sold				(Note:1)	2204600	1445500	3650100
	Gross margin					795400	554500	1349900
	Selling and administrative expenses					720000	480000	1200000
	Net operating income (loss)					75400	74500	149900
	Note:1
	Cost of goods sold=Units sold*Manufacturing cost per unit:
						Basic	Advanced
	Direct materials					40	60
	Direct labor cost				(Note:2)	30	30
	Overhead cost				(Note:3)	40.23	54.55
	Total manufacturing cost per unit				a	110.23	144.55
	Units sold				b	20000	10000
	Cost of goods sold				a*b	2204600	1445500
	Note:2
	Direct labor cost=Direct labor hours per unit*Labor rate per hour
	Direct labor hours per unit=Total direct labor hours/Units produced
						Basic	Advanced
	Total direct labor hours				a	30000	15000
	Units produced				b	20000	10000
	Direct labor hours per unit				c=a/b	1.5	1.5
	Labor rate per hour				d	20	20
	Direct labor cost				c*d	30	30
	Note:3
	Overhead cost per unit=Total overhead assigned/Units produced
						Basic	Advanced
	Total overhead assigned				a	804600	545500
	Units produced				b	20000	10000
	Overhead cost per unit				a/b	40.23	54.55