Question

Integrative Exercise
Cost System Choices, Budgeting, and Variance Analyses for Sacred Heart Hospital

The Two Cost Systems

Sacred Heart Hospital (SHH) faces skyrocketing nursing costs, all of which relate to its two biggest nursing service lines—the Emergency Room (ER) and the Operating Room (OR). SHH's current cost system assigns total nursing costs to the ER and OR based on the number of patients serviced by each line. Total hospital annual nursing costs for these two lines are expected to equal $300,000. The table below shows expected patient volume for both lines.

Measure	ER			OR			Total
Number of patients (ER visits or OR surgeries)		1,000			1,000			2,000
Number of vital signs checks		2,000			4,000			6,000
Number of nursing hours		10,000			5,000			15,000

Required:

1. Using the current cost system, calculate the hospital-wide rate based on number of patients.

$ per patient

2. Calculate the amount of nursing costs that the current cost system assigns to the ER and to the OR.

The nursing cost, assigned to the ER	$
The nursing cost, assigned to the OR	$

3. Using the results from Requirement 2, calculate the cost per OR nursing hour under the current cost system.
$ per OR hour

After discussion with several experienced nurses, Jack Bauer (SHH’s accountant) decided that assigning nursing costs to the two service lines based on the number of times that nurses must check patients’ vital signs might more closely match the underlying use of costly hospital resources. Therefore, for comparative purposes, Jack decided to develop a second cost system that assigns total nursing costs to the ER and OR based on the number of times nurses check patients’ vital signs. This system is referred to as the “vital-signs costing system.” The earlier table also shows data for vital signs checks for lines.

4. Using the vital-signs costing system, calculate the hospital-wide rate based on the number of vital signs checks.
$ per vital signs check

5. Calculate the amount of nursing costs that the vital-signs costing system assigns to the ER and to the OR.

The vital-signs cost, assigned to the ER	$
The vital-signs cost, assigned to the OR	$

6. Using the results from Requirement 5, calculate the cost per OR nursing hour under the vital-signs costing system.
$ per OR hour

Budgeting and Variance Analysis

In an effort to better plan for and control OR costs, SHH management asked Jack to calculate the flexible budget variance (i.e., flexible budget costs - actual costs) for OR nursing costs, including the price variance and efficiency variance. Given that Jack is interested in comparing the reported costs of both systems, he decided to prepare the requested OR variance analysis for both the current cost system and the vital-signs costing system. In addition, Jack chose to use each cost system’s estimate of the cost per OR nursing hour as the standard cost per OR nursing hour. Jack collected the following additional information for use in preparing the flexible budget variance for both systems:

Actual number of surgeries performed = 950
Standard number of nursing hours allowed for each OR surgery = 5
Actual number of OR nursing hours used = 5,000
Actual OR nursing costs = $190,000

Enter a favorable variance as a negative amount, and an unfavorable variance as a positive amount. If there is no variance, enter "0" and select "No variance" from the dropdown.

7. For the OR service line, use the information above and the cost per OR nursing hour under the current cost system to calculate the

a. flexible budget variance. (Hint: Use your answer to Requirement 3 as the standard cost per OR nursing hour for the current cost system.)
$

b. price variance.
$

c. efficiency variance.
$

8. For the OR service line, use the information above and the cost per OR nursing hour under the vital-signs costing system to calculate the

a. flexible budget variance. (Hint: Use your answer to Requirement 6 as the standard cost per OR nursing hour for the vital signs cost system.)
$

b. price variance.
$

c. efficiency variance.
$

Discussion of Reported Costs and Variances from the Two Systems

9. Consider SHH’s need to control its skyrocketing costs, Jack’s discussion with experienced nurses regarding their use of hospital resources, and the reported costs that you calculated from each cost system. Based on these considerations, which cost system (current or vitalsigns) should Jack choose? Briefly explain the reasoning behind your choice.

a. costing system should more accurately allocate costs to service lines because its cost allocation base.

b. uses only one cost driver and cost effective.

c. The more accurate system should generate a more accurate estimate of the cost per nursing hour, which affects the budgeting process, because the portion of costs allocated to each service line, ER.

10. What does each of the calculated variances suggest to Jack regarding actions that he should or should not take with respect to investigating and improving each variance? Also, briefly explain why the variances differ between the two cost systems.

a. The overall current system’s OR flexible budget variance ($47,500) is very , suggesting that the subvariances (price variance and efficiency variance) should be calculated.

b. The current system’s OR price variance ($40,000) is very large and unfavorable, suggesting that the nursing hiring manager negotiated a price and that nursing hour pay cuts might be necessary.

c. The current system’s OR efficiency variance ($7,500) is , suggesting that the operating room manager used too many OR nursing hours for the actual number of surgeries performed.

d. The overall vital signs’ OR flexible budget variance is , and suggests that nothing needs to be investigated further.

e. The vital signs’ OR price variance ($10,000) is large and favorable, suggesting that the nursing hiring manager negotiated a good price.

f. The vital signs’ OR efficiency variance ($10,000) is , suggesting that the operating room manager used too many OR nursing hours for the actual number of surgeries performed. In addition, it would be unwise had Jack decided to end the variance analysis after seeing that the flexible budget variance was zero. Only after continuing on with the analysis to calculate the price and efficiency variances would Jack realize that the zero flexible budget variance was the result of two large offsetting variances, both of which likely require further investigation and attention.

g. Overall, the two cost systems produce reported costs of the two service lines, ER and OR. The current system assigns nursing costs equally because the ER and OR have the same number of patients. Alternately, the vital-signs system assigns as much of the nursing costs to the OR because the OR requires as many vital signs checks of its patients as the ER does of its patients. In addition, the two systems produce estimates of the cost incurred by the hospital per OR nursing hour. When used as the standard costs in the budgeting process, these reported costs, lead to very different flexible budget variances and price and efficiency variances for the OR service line. Therefore, the managerial accountant should be very careful when constructing a cost system and be sure that the chosen allocation bases are as accurate as possible to match the underlying resource consumption patterns of the business environment. Choosing different cost allocation bases usually will result in differences in reported service line costliness and various variances, which can have ramifications for numerous managers (e.g., purchasing managers responsible for price variances, production managers responsible for efficiency variances, other managers responsible for making service line mix decisions, etc.)

Answer 1

The answer is given till 8 .Post 9 and 10 seperately.Thanks.

	Requirement
1	Hospital Wide Cost per Patient
	Total Cost	$300,000
	Total Patients	2000
	Cost per patient(300000/2000)	$150
2	Nursing Cost assigned to FR
	1000* 150	$150,000
	Nursing Cost assigned to OR
	1000*150	$150,000
3	Cost per OR hour
	150000/5000	$30
4	Hospital wide cost per vital sign checks
	Total Cost	$300,000
	Total Vital sign checks	6000
	Cost per vital sign check (300000/6000)	$50
5	Vital signs cost assigned to ER
	(50 *2000)	$100,000
	Vital signs cost assigned to OR
	(50*4000)	$200,000
6	Cost per nursing hour under vital signs cost system
	Vital signs cost of ER:(100000/10000)	$10
	Vital signs cost of OR:(200000/5000)	$40
7	Flexible Budget Variance
	Actual Nursing Cost	$190,000
	Budgeted Hours
	(Budgeted no of surgeries * hrs required per surgery)
	(950*5)	4750
	Budgeted Cost
	(Budgeted hrs * standard cost)
	4750*30	$142,500
	Variance($142500-$190000)	($47,500)	U
	Actual Nursing Rate
	(190000/5000)	38
	Price Variance=Actual Hrs *(Actual rate-Std Rate)
	5000*(38-30)	40000	U
	EfficiencyVariance
	Standard Rate *(Actual Hrs -Std Hrs)
	30*(5000-4750)	7500	U
8	Variances under vital signs check cost method
	Flexible Budget Variance
	Actual cost	$190,000
	Budgeted Cost=(Budgeted Hrs * Standard Cost)
	Budgeted Hrs =Budgeted no of Surgeries * hrs required
	per surgery
	(950*5)	4750
	Budgeted Cost (4750*40)	$190,000
	Variance ($190000-$190000)	0
	Price Variance:
	Actual Hrs *(Actual Rate -Standard Rate)
	5000*(38-40)	$10,000	F
	Actual Rate =($190000/5000)	38
	Efficiency variance
	Standard rate *(Actual hrs-Standard Hrs)
	40*(5000-4750)	$10,000	F