Question

1. 1a. If two solutions are _________ relative to each other, a concentration gradient would not exist.

1. hypertonic
2. hypotonic
3. isotonic
4. turgid

2. 1b. A pouch with a selectively permeable membrane containing a salt solution is immersed in a dish of freshwater. The membrane is impermeable to salt. Which way will the water move?
   1. The water moves out of the pot1ch.
   2. The water moves into the pouch.
   3. The water does not move at all.
   4. There is insufficient information to answer this question.

3. 1c.If ATP must be burned to transport a substance from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration, the process of _________ has occurred.

1. simple diffusion
2. osmosis
3. facilitated diffusion
4. active transport

4. 1d. Double sugars are called

1. disaccharides
2. dipeptides
3. monosaccharides
4. polysaccharides

5. 1e. Which of these substances may increase blood glucose levels?

1. insulin
2. amylase
3. glucagon

d. pepsin

1f. An organic molecule most readily oxidized or burned by human bodies for quick energy is a

1. disaccharide
2. fatty acid
3. monosaccharide
4. triglyceride

Answer 1

1a. Ans is Option C.

When one solution have higher concentration of solute than the other solution, then the solution with higher conc. is known as hypertonic and the solution with lower conc. is known as hypotonic solution. In these cases, a concentration gradient of solute exist from hypertonic to hypotonic solution.

When the conc. of solute is same in both the solution, then the solutions are known as isotonic solution, and there is no concentration gradient present.

1b. Ans is option B.

The pouch contains salt solution which has higher concentration of salt. The petridish contains freshwater. So, the salt solution is hypertonic to the freshwater, and due to the concentration gradient of salt and presence of membrane which is impermeable to salt, there will be osmosis, and water will more from lower conc. solution to high. conc solution.

1c. Ans is option D.

When a molecule has to moved from lower concentration to higher concentration using energy, it is known as active transport.

when a molecule has to be moved from higher to lower concentration without using energy, it is known as passive transport.

when a molecule is transported using a carrier protein without using energy from higher to lower concentration, it is known as facilitated diffusion.

when two solution are separated by a semi permeable memb. there will be movement of solvent from lower conc. solution to higher conc. solution, this is known as osmosis.

1d. Ans is option A.

Disaccharides contains two molecules of smallest carbohydrates - monosaccharides and known as bivose or double sugar.

1e. Ans is optic C.

Glucagon is the hormone which helps in degradation of glycogen and form free glucose causing increase in glucose level in blood. It also helps in gluconeogenesis, which causes formation of glucose from non carbohydrate source.

indulin opposes thus action and helps in entry of glucose in cell causing f=decrease in glucose conc. in blood.

amylase helps in metabolism of starch to form maltose.

Pepsin is the enzyme which helps in metabolism of proteins to form peptones in stomach.

1f. Ans is option C.

The most easily digestible and readily available molecule for oxidation to generate energy is monosaccharides.

disaccharides or fatty acid or triglycerides need additional complex steps along with multiple enzymes to generate energy via oxidation.