In: Biology
This Question refers to the the following Urinalysis Results Chart.
Sample A tests positive for high levels of protein. When a urine sample tests positive for protein, kidney damage could be to blame. High levels of urinary protein can be found in the disease of either hypertension or diabetes, because both can cause kidney damage. However, other results can be used to distinguish between these diseases.
Based on the findings listed in Sample A below, conclude whether this patient suffers from hypertension, or suffers from diabetes. Write your answer in the space below.
SAMPLE | |||||
CHARACTERISTIC | Sample A | Sample B | Sample C | Sample D | Sample E |
Color | light yellow | tinged red | cloudy | cloudy | dark amber |
Odor | sweet | pungent | foul/fishy | none | none |
Leukocytes present? | none | none | some | some | none |
Ketones present? | yes | none | none | none | none |
pH | slightly acidic | normal | slightly alkaline | slightly alkaline | normal |
Glucose present? | yes - high | none | none | none | none |
Protein present? | yes - high | none | none | yes - high | none |
On observing the urine characteristics of sample A, the fist point is colour. As the colour is slight yellow that is supposed to be the normal case. Colour usually varies according to the diet and urine concentration. More concentrated urine causes a darker colour while drinking more water reduces the concentration giving it a lighter colour.
Next we come to odour. The urine sampel has a sweet odour which is not supposed to be the usual case. The reason behind such sweet odour can be due to the presence of ketones / and glucose both of which are peresent in this urine sample that we are talking about. These molecules are usually not present in the chemical composition of any normal average person.
The presence of ketones, glucose in high concentration and the sweet smeel of urine indicate that the person corresponding to sample A is suffering from diabetes (diabetes mellitus). In this type of diabetes, blood has an excess amount of sugars and glucose. this amount is beyond the capacity of reabsorption of such molecules by the kidneys hence the excess is excreted out being unable to be reabsorbed and thats why the urine smeels sweet. Also such a prolonged condition damages the kidneys which also rsults in high proteins to be excreted out too