Question

: Our final topic of the semester was informal fallacies. We talked about several types of common fallacies and ways of diagnosing what went wrong in each. In these cases where someone provides a fallacious argument, people reason in accordance with bad arguments. Throughout the semester you have also learned several tools for identifying and diagnosing what makes arguments good. Describe an instance of bad reasoning that you have encountered or that you think is common using the tools we have developed: do you think it is it the result of a fallacy we have discussed, or something else? This example can be as basic or banal as you like, but try to think of more real world examples here rather than tv shows or ads. Then, describe how you would now respond and react to such arguments: how would you try to change the mind of someone who offered such reasoning? What good arguments might you offer to change their mind. How could you convince them, given what you now know about what makes an argument good, that what they argued or claim was mistaken? Try to appeal to the concepts we introduced and what they mean: deductive validity, inductive strength, the purposes of arguments, etc.

Answer 1

q.no1 Describe an instance of bad reasoning that you have encountered or that you think is common using the tools we have developed: do you think it is it the result of a fallacy we have discussed, or something else?

Ans   An informal fallacy occurs because of an error in reasoning, lets discuss one informal fallacy that we commonly encounter i.e begging the question (petitio principii).

abhishek: We know if you place a support near COM(center of mass ) then more chances that it can be become equilibrium or balanced condition.

roger: How do we know which object has where Center of mass?

abhishek: where they are perfectally ballanced.

yes i think it is a result of fallicy that we have discussed because in first statement by abhishek evevryone will belive that he's right but falllacy will come in second statement itself beacuse not every one will think that it can only balance by com it can also balalnced by applying torque at different point to make it balance.

Q.NO.2 Describe how you would now respond and react to such arguments: how would you try to change the mind of someone who offered such reasoning? What good arguments might you offer to change their mind. How could you convince them, given what you now know about what makes an argument good, that what they argued or claim was mistaken?

ANS: we can react to such arguments by providing the details of the subject here i used example of science so i will just clarify the upcomming doubt they have by resisting them to accept my thought onthis very hardly thats what you can do . Here i will offer some good arguments like we know COM is very unique point in the body where all mass concentrated if you place a support through it then torque itself will be zero because Torque = force x perpendicular distance . here distance will be zero therefor torque will be zero . Providing the materilistic concent regarding the argument will allows you to stength your arguments .

deductive validity A deductive argument is good if and only if it is both valid, and all of its premises are actually true. Otherwise, a deductive argument is not so good.

inductively strong argument is an argument in which it is improbable that its conclusion is false given that its premises are true.

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