Question

Part 2. Answer both:

1. How would you determine whether the morphological diversity of animals has increased, decreased, or stayed the same since the Cambrian? Explain what kind of data you would collect, how you would analyze it, and what sorts of biases you might need to correct for.
2. Choose three species of wild organisms (not domesticated species or humans) and predict how their populations and geographic ranges will change in the future, assuming that global climate change continues at its current rate.

Answer 1

Answer:

A):

• The Cambrian explosion, or less commonly Cambrian radiation, was the relatively short evolutionary event, beginning around 542 million years ago in the Cambrian Period, during which most major animal phyla appeared, as indicated by the fossil record.
• Lasting for about the next 20–25 million years, it resulted in the divergence of most modern metazoan phyla.Additionally, the event was accompanied by major diversification of other organisms.
• Prior to the Cambrian explosion, most organisms were simple, composed of individual cells occasionally organized into colonies.
• Over the following 70 to 80 million years, the rate of diversification accelerated by an order of magnitude and the diversity of life began to resemble that of today.
• The Cambrian explosion has generated extensive scientific debate.
• The seemingly rapid appearance of fossils in the “Primordial Strata” was noted as early as the 1840s and in 1859 Charles Darwin discussed it as one of the main objections that could be made against the theory of evolution by natural selection.

B):

The three species of wild organisms:

• Global climate change has been moving with a higher pace humans are usually natural resources excessively and causing a lot damage to our environment.
• This change in environment has caused change in the climate of the earth as well.
• These changes are likely to be increasing every day as human needs are increasing way more rapidly than the replishment of what we are taking from the environment.

1- Tiger:

• This comes under one of the endangered species now.
• Distribution of tiger is worldwide but they are mainly present in Asia.
• They live in jungles, tall grasses etc but the way deforestation has been taking place, causing a major impact on climate, vegetation oo forest cover is also effected.
• This changes the habitat, environment, optimum temperature and conditions for them to breed etc.
• So with the current rate of them being very few in the world, if the same rate of global climatic change remains, they will be extinct in near future.

2): Elephant :

• There population is average in subtropical regions and change in global climate alters their habitat conditions.
• They usually have large population size , hence they are very prone to diseases and they are also severly effected by high temperatures.
• If the global climate changes continues like this, then their population size would get highly reduced.

3): Sparrows:

• There habitat is usually long trees.Global climate change has caused unevenness in the temperature of summer and winter to which the breeding, migration seasons are usually synchronised; these gets badly effected
• . Nest flooding rates will increase over time and the available habitats will decrease. Hence, sparrows will ultimately extinct.

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