Question

19. To maximize profits, a single-price monopolist will produce where Marginal costs = Marginal revenue: establishing a price that is greater than their marginal cost.

True

False

20. As a consequence of the perfectly competitive firm producing the quantity of output at which: price equals marginal revenue and marginal cost, it will achieve "allocative efficiency" in the deployment of societies scarce resources.

True

False

21. In the "long-run," the perfect competitive achieves technical efficiency and the firm will produce at: P = ATC = LRATC, assuring the consumer that the good or service is provided at the lowest possible price--given a constant state of technology.

True

False

22. Monopoly is never preferable to perfect competitive industry structures.

True

False

23. A cost that is incurred when an actual monetary payment is made by the firm is an "explicit (accounting) cost"--such as the payment of an electric bill or mortgage.

True

False

24. A firm is said to earn "normal profit" when it generates enough revenue to exactly cover its explicit and implicit cost(s) of production.

True

False

25. The MP or MPP (marginal product or marginal physical product) curve rises as the marginal cost curve falls in the area (range) of production subject to "increasing marginal returns."

True

False

26. In the short run, FC ("fixed cost") do not change as the output quantity increases.

True

False

27. In the short run, AFC ("average fixed cost") do not change as the output quantity increases.

True

False

28. As the output quantity continues to increase--moving to the right on the "X" (quantity of production) axis, the average variable cost curve gets closer to the average total cost curve in vertical analysis--reflecting change in the magnitude of the firm's "average fixed cost"--which necessarily, by definition, must continually decrease.

True

False

29. The AVC (average variable cost) equals VC (total variable cost) divided by the level of output (quantity) or "Q." Alternately: AVC = VC / Q.

True

False

30. The "onset of diminishing returns to productivity" causes the marginal product curve to peek and the marginal cost curve to bottom out.

True

False

31. The marginal cost curve, the average total cost curve, and the average variable cost curve are typically "U-shaped" ultimately due to the law of diminishing returns.

True

False

32. The LRATC (long run average total cost) curve is an historic envelop of the developing companies historic ATC curves--generally illustrating initial scale economies followed by constant return to scale and eventually diseconomies of scale (resulting from managerial inefficiency from BIGNESS or bureaucracy.)

True

False

33. Evolving "technology" does not and cannot affect the position of the LRATC curve.

True

False

34. In the long run

there can be no variable costs

all costs are fixed costs

none of these answers are correct

all costs are variable costs

35. If the AVC (average variable cost curve) is falling,

The MC curve must be above it at the level of output under consideration.

The MC curve must be below it at the level of output under consideration.

The MC curve is necessarily rising at the level of output under consideration

The MC curve is necessarily falling at the level of output under consideration.

36. The average-margin rule states that if the marginal magnitude (value) is

greater than the average magnitude, the average magnitude falls.

Rising, the average magnitude is necessarily above it.

Falling, the average magnitude is necessarily below it.

less than the average magnitude (value), the average magnitude falls.

37. The law of diminishing marginal returns to productivity holds for a situation in which

some inputs are variable and at least one input is fixed.

all inputs are variable.

all inputs are fixed.

none of these answers is correct.

38. Long run equilibrium for a perfectly competitive firm occurs when

P > MC > NROI > ATC

MC = MR = P > ATC

P = MC = MR = ATC = LRATC

M = MR = AFC = ATC

39. Which of the following is NOT considered a barrier to entry?

Diseconomies of scale

Government Licenses

Scale Economies

Control over essential resources

Patents

40. The "regulated monopolist" (natural monopoly) will be regulated to where

P = MR

P = AVC

P = MC

P = ATC

Answer 1

19. True because the profit is maximized when MR = MC and the condition is true for all firms.

20. True. Allocative efficiency maximizes producer and consumer surplus when price is equal to marginal cost.

21. True. Minimum efficient scale is achieved when produiction is done at minimum of ATC.

22. False. For certain goods like public utility services, a large single firm that is able to supply the entire market is necessary

23. True

24. True.

Question 25 True. This is because increasing marginal returns are synonymous with decreasing costs where MP, AP are increasing and MC., AC are falling in the given region.

Question 26 True. This is because it represents the cost incurred on fixed factors which do not change with level of output

Question 27 False. Since Q is changing, AFC which is FC/Q also changes.

Question 28 True. Because AFC ultimately falls and so the difference between ATC and AVC gets closer.

Question 29 True

Question 30 True

Question 31 True

Quetsion 32 True

Question 33 False

Question 34 All costs are variable

Question 35 The MC curve must be below it at the level of output under consideration.

Question 36 less than the average magnitude (value), the average magnitude falls.

Question 37 some inputs are variable and at least one input is fixed.

Question 38 P = MC = MR = ATC = LRATC

Question 39 Diseconomies of scale

Question 40 P = ATC