Question

Problem 10-15 Comprehensive Variance Analysis [LO10-1, LO10-2, LO10-3]

Miller Toy Company manufactures a plastic swimming pool at its Westwood Plant. The plant has been experiencing problems as shown by its June contribution format income statement below:

	Flexible Budget		Actual
Sales (8,000 pools)	$	265,000		$	265,000
Variable expenses:
Variable cost of goods sold*		88,960			106,490
Variable selling expenses		16,000			16,000
Total variable expenses		104,960			122,490
Contribution margin		160,040			142,510
Fixed expenses:
Manufacturing overhead		65,000			65,000
Selling and administrative		80,000			80,000
Total fixed expenses		145,000			145,000
Net operating income (loss)	$	15,040		$	(2,490	)

*Contains direct materials, direct labor, and variable manufacturing overhead.

Janet Dunn, who has just been appointed general manager of the Westwood Plant, has been given instructions to “get things under control.” Upon reviewing the plant’s income statement, Ms. Dunn has concluded that the major problem lies in the variable cost of goods sold. She has been provided with the following standard cost per swimming pool:

	Standard Quantity or Hours	Standard Price or Rate			Standard Cost
Direct materials	3.0 pounds	$	2.50	per pound	$	7.50
Direct labor	0.4 hours	$	7.10	per hour		2.84
Variable manufacturing overhead	0.3 hours*	$	2.60	per hour		0.78
Total standard cost per unit					$	11.12

*Based on machine-hours.

During June, the plant produced 8,000 pools and incurred the following costs:

1. Purchased 29,000 pounds of materials at a cost of $2.95 per pound.

2. Used 23,800 pounds of materials in production. (Finished goods and work in process inventories are insignificant and can be ignored.)

3. Worked 3,800 direct labor-hours at a cost of $6.80 per hour.

4. Incurred variable manufacturing overhead cost totaling $8,100 for the month. A total of 2,700 machine-hours was recorded.

It is the company’s policy to close all variances to cost of goods sold on a monthly basis.

Required:

1. Compute the following variances for June:

a. Materials price and quantity variances.

b. Labor rate and efficiency variances.

c. Variable overhead rate and efficiency variances.

2. Summarize the variances that you computed in (1) above by showing the net overall favorable or unfavorable variance for the month.

REQUIRED 1A:

1a. Compute the following variances for June, materials price and quantity variances.

1b. Compute the following variances for June, labor rate and efficiency variances.

1c. Compute the following variances for June, variable overhead rate and efficiency variances.

(Do not round your intermediate calculations. Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Input all amounts as positive values.)

REQUIRED 2B:

Summarize the variances that you computed in (1) above by showing the net overall favorable or unfavorable variance for the month. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Input all amounts as positive values.)

Net variance

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Answer 1

Given information

Standard cost per swimming pool:

	Standard Quantity or Hours	Standard Price or Rate	Standard Cost
Direct materials	3.0 pounds	$2.50	$7.50
Direct labor	0.4 hours	$7.10	$2.84
Variable manufacturing overhead	0.3 hours	$2.60	$0.78
Total standard cost per unit			$11.12

Data for Direct materials Variances:

Actual Pools produced during June = 8,000 pools

Actual Quantity of materials purchased = 29,000 pounds

Actual Quantity of materials used in the production = 23,800 pounds

Actual Price per pound of materials = $2.95 per pound

Standard Quantity of materials allowed for production = 8,000 x 3 = 24,000 pounds

Standard Price per pound of materials = $2.50 per pound

Data for Direct labor Variances:

Actual Direct labor hours worked in the production = 3,800 Direct labor hours

Standard Direct labor hours allowed = 8,000 x 0.40 = 3,200 Direct labor hours

Actual Rate per Direct labor hour = $6.80 per hour

Standard Rate per Direct labor hour = $7.10 per hour

Data for variable overhead variances:

Actual variable manufacturing overhead cost = $8,100

Actual machine hours recorded = 2,700 machine hours

Actual Rate per machine hour = Actual variable manufacturing overhead cost / Total machine hours recorded

= $8,100 / 2,700 = $3 per machine hour

Standard machine hours allowed = 8,000 x 0.30 = 2,400 machine hours

Standard Rate per machine hour = $2.60

Standard variable manufacturing overhead cost = Standard machine hours allowed x Standard Rate per machine hour

= 2,400 x $2.60 = $6,240

1. Computation of variances for June:

a. Materials price and quantity variances:

Materials price variances = (Standard price - Actual price) x Actual Quantity of material purchased

= ($2.50 - $2.95) x 29,000 pounds = $13,050 (U) Unfavorable

Materials quantity variances = (Standard quantity - Actual quantity) x Standard price per material

= (24,000 - 23,800) x $2.50 = $500 (F) Favorable

b. Labor rate and efficiency variances:

Labour Rate Variance = (Standard Rate - Actual Rate) x Actual Direct labour hours

= ($7.10 - $6.80) x 3,800 = $1,140 (F) Favorable

Labour Efficiency Variance = (Standard labour hours - Actual labour hours) x Standard Rate per Direct labour hour

= (3,200 - 3,800) x $7.10 = $4,260 (U) Unfavorable

c. Variable overhead rate and efficiency variances:

Variable overhead Rate Variance = (Standard Rate - Actual Rate) x Actual machine hours

= ($2.60 - $3) x 2,700 machine hours = $1,080 (U) Unfavorable

Variable overhead Efficiency Variance = (Standard machine hours - Actual machine hours) x Standard Rate per machine hour

= (2,400 - 2,700) x $2.60 = $780 (U) Unfavorable

2. Computation of Summary net overall favorable or unfavorable variance for the month:

Item	$	Net variances ($)
Direct materials:
Materials price variances	$13,050 (U)
Materials quantity variances	$500 (F)	$12,550 (U)
Direct labor:
Labour Rate Variance	$1,140 (F)
Labour Efficiency Variance	$4,260 (U)	$3,120 (U)
Variable manufacturing overhead:
Variable overhead Rate Variance	$1,080 (U)
Variable overhead Efficiency Variance	$780 (U)	$1,860 (U)
Total net variances		$17,530 (U)

U indicated unfavorable variances

F indicates favorable variances