In: Accounting
Northwood Company manufactures basketballs. The
company has a ball that sells for $35. At present, the ball is
manufactured in a small plant that relies heavily on direct labor
workers. Thus, variable expenses are high, totaling $21.00 per
ball, of which 60% is direct labor cost.
Last year, the company sold 41,000 of these
balls, with the following results:
Sales (41,000
balls)$1,435,000 Variable expenses 861,000
Contribution margin 574,000
Fixed expenses 420,000
Net operating income$154,000
Required:1-a.
Compute the CM ratio and the break-even point in balls. (Do
not round intermediate calculations.)
1-b.
Compute the the degree of operating leverage at last year’s sales
level. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
2.
Due to an increase in labor rates, the company estimates that
variable expenses will increase by $2.80 per ball next year. If
this change takes place and the selling price per ball remains
constant at $35.00, what will be the new CM ratio and break-even
point in balls? (Do not round intermediate
calculations.)
3.
Refer to the data in (2) above. If the expected change in variable
expenses takes place, how many balls will have to be sold next year
to earn the same net operating income, $154,000, as last
year? (Do not round intermediate
calculations. Round your answer to the nearest whole
unit.)
4.
Refer again to the data in (2) above. The president feels that the
company must raise the selling price of its basketballs. If
Northwood Company wants to maintain the same CM ratio as last year,
what selling price per ball must it charge next year to cover the
increased labor costs? (Do not round intermediate
calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
5.
Refer to the original data. The company is discussing the
construction of a new, automated manufacturing plant. The new plant
would slash variable expenses per ball by 30%, but it would cause
fixed expenses per year to double 76%. If the new plant is built,
what would be the company’s new CM ratio and new break-even point
in balls? (Do not round intermediate
calculations.)
6.
Refer to the data in (5) above.
a.
If the new plant is built, how many balls will have to be sold next
year to earn the same net operating income, $154,000, as last
year? (Do not round intermediate calculations.)
b-1.
Assume the new plant is built and that next year the company
manufactures and sells 41,000 balls (the same number as sold last
year). Prepare a contribution format income
statement
b-2.Compute the degree of operating leverage. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
1a.
Sales Price=$35
Variable Expense=$21
Unit Contribution Margin =35-21=$14
Contribution Margin Ratio =Contribution Margin/Sales =14/35=0.4
Break Even Point in balls =Fixed Costs/Unit Contribution Margin=420000/14=30,000
1b.Operating Leverage =Quantity *(Price-Unit Variable Cost)/(Quantity *(Price-Unit Variable Cost)-Fixed Costs)
Operating Leverage =Contribution Margin/Profit=574000/154000=3.727273
2.NEW CM Ratio and Break Even Point:
Sales Price=$35
Variable Expense=$21+2.80=$23.80
Unit Contribution Margin =35-23.80=$11.20
Contribution Margin Ratio =Contribution Margin/Sales =11.20/35=0.32
Break Even Point in balls =Fixed Costs/Unit Contribution Margin=420000/11.20=37,500
3.Net operating Profit Required =$154000
Number of balls to be sold for contribution of 154000=154000/11.20=13,750
Break Even Point =37,500
Total Number of Balls Required to be sold=37500+13750=51,250
Net Operating Profit for this sales=51250*(35-23.80)-420000=$154,000
4.Sales Price for CM ratio=0.4
Assume Sales Price =X
Unit Contribution =(X-23.80)
CM ratio=Unit Contribution/Sales Price =(X-23.80)/X=0.4
X-23.80=0.4X
0.6X=23.80
X=23.80/0.6=39.67
New Sales Price =$39.67
Contribution Margin Ratio=(39.67-23.8)/39.67=0.4