Question

Using full sentences (not lists nor point form) answer the following questions. Feel free to, optionally, use examples of your own as part of your answer. Adequately use the citation style of your choice (APA, MLA, or Chicago) when needed.

1. How did the theory of rights help contribute to the creation of an egalitarian society?

2. Explain the main differences between Hobbes’ and Locke’s theories of rights.

3. Research the notion of “affirmative action”. After you learned the basics about it, explain how it relates to Rawls' theory of justice.

Answer 1

1.Egalitarian Society:

Egalitarian society means that each and everyone are equal in their moral status, thus granting equal rights and opportunities. It also advocates , the removal of economic inequalities among people. These societies consists of group of people , who agree to live together.

-Theory of rights:

Theory of rights means the rights that the people have and they can exercise it for their benefits. Rights are legal , social, ethical . Rights are the fundamental normative rules , that is allowed to people according to some legal system or ethical theory.

-Rights contribute various benefits to egalitarian society:

1. They can distribute the resources or properties among the groups and provides various voluntarily assistance in economic activities.

2. By the help of technology, these society become professionals in manufacturing of tools and functional products.

3. By exchange ,they can maintain exchange relationship with friends, between families through loans and property.

4. They can settle their disputes by dispute settlement programs .

5. Because of the equal rights .

2.

Hobbes Theory	Locke's Theory
1. People gives rights and freedom to one person, elected by universal agreement- to Monarch.	1.People doesn't have the power.
2. It is a natural state- a war of all against all , everone pursue it's own interest.	2.Here, agreement prevails, not because they need protection but, they need to live together.
3. Absolute freedom and power prevails.	3. There is a principle of separation of power.
4. Contract between the citizens.	4. Contract between citizens and ruling party.
5. They are the supporter of absolute monarchy.	5.They critisize it.
6. Individuals has to give up their natural rights, they have to tranmit it.	6. Individuals do not give up their natural rights.

3. Affirmative actions:

It means taking several steps to increase the representation of women, and minorities in area of employment, education and culture. Example : Various higher education institutions have voluntarily adopted various policies to provide education to racial minorities.

-"Rawl's theory of justice"

John Rawl was an american political philospher. His theory suggest, that everyone has the freedom to enjoy their rights and cooperating with egalitarian society.

- His theory is based on two principles:

1. The principle of Equal liberty.

2. a. The Difference Principle

b. Principle of fair equality of opportunity.

-Features of Rawl's theory of justice:

- He rejected the concept of utilitarianism.

- He suggest that their is a relation between liberty and equality.

In Rawl's theory institutions cannot differentiate among individuals on the basis of political liberties ie. liberty of equal citizenships. These liberties are all required to be equal for all. Rawls attempt to reduce the inequalities by the restrictions that inequalities must be to everyone's benefit and that institutions offices must be open foe all.