3. What product is formed when sulphanilamide binds to the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase rather than the...

3. What product is formed when sulphanilamide binds to the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase rather than the natural substrate PABA? How does this result in the inhibition of bacterial growth?

Expert Solution

Hi Answer:

Answer: Dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) is the enzyme which produces dihydropteroate in bacteria. DHPS is mainly participating in the folate synthesis pathway. There are two binding pockets are recognized in this enzyme, one is for dihydropterin pyrophosphate (DHPP) and second is for p-amino benzoic acid (pABA) binding. The enzyme DHPS catalyzed the reaction with these two substrates and produce dihydropteroic acid (C₁₄H₁₄N₆O₃) which is one of the important intermediates of folate synthesis pathway. We know that the folate synthesis pathway is essential pathway for the amino acid synthesis and if the amino acid synthesis is inhibited then in the absence of the amino acids, bacteria can not survive.

When we target the pABA pocket of DHPS enzyme by replacing it with sulfonamide which is substrate analogues and compete with the para-aminobenzoic acid (pABA), then there is no formation of dihydropteroic acid (C₁₄H₁₄N₆O₃) which inhibits the folate synthesis pathway and ultimately kill the bacteria, but it is observed that due to the high clinical usage of sulfonamides, several bacterial species developed resistance to this method and they are not killed by replacing the pABA with sulfonamide. The diagrammatic view of whole (normal & altered) pathway is given below.

gladiator answered 1 year ago

1) The enzyme prostaglandin synthase uses aracadonic acid as the substrate and produces product PGG2. If...

1) The enzyme prostaglandin synthase uses aracadonic acid as the substrate and produces product PGG2. If 10mM Ibuprofin inhibits this enzyme as is seen in the 3rd column.. [S](mM) PGG2(Vo mM/min) I (Vo mM/min) 0.5 23.5 16.67 1.0 32.2 25.25 1.5 36.9 30.49 2.5 41.8 37.04 3.5 44.0 38.91 What is the Ki' ? (THE ANSWER IS UNDEFINED, EXPLAINS AND SHOW YOUR WORK PLEASE)

3’ TACTYCATAACTGC 5’ 5’ ATGAAGTATTGACG 3’ What is the product of transcription? Which enzyme will complete...

3’ TACTYCATAACTGC 5’ 5’ ATGAAGTATTGACG 3’ What is the product of transcription? Which enzyme will complete transcription? 3’ TACTYCATAACTGC 5’ 5’ ATGAAGTATTGACG 3’ What is the product of translation? Give a silent mutation using arginine

In financial terms, what is the biggest downfall to using payback rather than discounted payback when...

In financial terms, what is the biggest downfall to using payback rather than discounted payback when analyzing a project? The first choice always seems to be best. It does not account for time value of money. The WACC isn't accurate. It is more difficult to calculate than discounted payback.

when is it more convient to use que theory rather than simulations

1. When an enzyme runs a chemical reaction, what happens to the enzyme at the end...

1. When an enzyme runs a chemical reaction, what happens to the enzyme at the end of the reaction? a) it is unchanged, and can run another reaction b) it is weakened, and is slower the next time c) it becomes part of the product, and is used up d) it is permanently damaged, or destroyed 2. When an enzyme accelerates a reaction rate, what does the enzyme do, thermodynamically (energy-wise)? a)lowers the activation energy for the reaction b) allows...

When the response variable of interest is dichotomous rather than continuous, why is it not advisable...

When the response variable of interest is dichotomous rather than continuous, why is it not advisable to fit a standard linear regression model using the probability of success as the outcome?

When revenues, costs and gross profit are recognized at the completion of the contract rather than...

When revenues, costs and gross profit are recognized at the completion of the contract rather than periodically throughout the contract: a) Costs are higher and gross profit is lower b) Either method results in the same revenues, costs and gross profits being recognized by the end of the project. c) Revenues are higher and gross profit is lower d) Revenues and gross profit are higher What is the relationship between Construction-in-progress (CIP) and the Billings on Construction Contract account? a)...

How are incentives to providers different when they are paid on a capitated basis rather than...

How are incentives to providers different when they are paid on a capitated basis rather than a fee-for-service basis? Discuss the arguments for using capitation over fee-for-service. Which would you prefer?

When catecholamines are produced as hormones (rather than as neurotransmitters), they travel through the ______ instead...

When catecholamines are produced as hormones (rather than as neurotransmitters), they travel through the ______ instead of across a synapse, which makes their signal more ______.

What happens when prices are determined by the state rather than by the interaction of many buyers and many sellers in the marketplace?

Question