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Carlton Bates is a 62-year-old male with a family history of prostate cancer. He requested screening...

Carlton Bates is a 62-year-old male with a family history of prostate cancer. He requested screening and his PSA level was 6.2 ng/mL. He chose to have a biopsy and is now meeting with an oncologist to discuss the results. The provider reports the biopsy was positive for malignancy: Stage 1, Gleason Score 5, classified as low risk, localized cancer. After listening to the options for treatment, Mr. Bates chooses active surveillance.

a. What measures are included in active surveillance for early, localized prostate cancer?

b. Why is this approach used with low risk patients?

c. What is a disadvantage of active surveillance?

Solutions

Expert Solution

active surveilance

active surveilance is necessary if patient want to avoid sexuall,urinary or bowel side effects for as long as possible

radical prostatectomy

is the surgical removel of prostate ,seminal vesicles and nearby tissue.Ofen the limb nodesin the pelvis that drain from the prostate are also removed,this process need short hospital stay

Robotic assisted laproscopic radical prostatectomy

A robotic system is used to remove the prostate through tiny portsplaced in abdomen.RALP surgery is one of the most common types of prostate surgery today.

retropubic open radical prostatectomy

in this surgery surgen will make a cut in lower abdomen and remove prostate through that hole .Through this type of surgery docors get to the prostate gland and nearby tissue

perineal open radical prostatectomy

this surgery uses small surgical tools and a video camera that fit through cuts in the belly to remove the prostate .

As with all surgery there is risk for bleeding ,infection and pain

the main side effectis erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence

RADIATION THERAPY

USES HIGH ENERGY RAYS to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells

-it can be used as main treatment of prostate cancer

-it also can be used after surgery

EXTERNAL BEAM RADIATION THERAPY

EBRT sends a targeted photon beam of radiation from outside the body to the prostate.Asmall amount of radiation delivered in daily doses to the prostate for a number of weeks

hifu and focal therapy

it is a new treatment with this method,small tumors inside the prostate are targeted and destroyed

Q2- LOW RISK PROSTATE CANCER HAVE 4 TREATMENT OPTIONS

active surveillance

external radiotherapy

internal radiotherapy and surgery to remove the prostate

DISADVANTAGES

INCONTINENCE

AFETER prostate surgery or radiation patient may experience a loss of urie controle

stress incontinence

urine leaks when coughing,laughing ,sneezing or exercising

overactive bladder or urge incontinence

the sudden need to go for urinationeven when the bladder is not full  because the bladder is overly sensitive

PHYSIOTHERAPY FOCUSED ON THE PELVIC FLOORMUSCLES MAY HELP GET BLADDER CONTROL SOON

ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION

After surgery or radiation treatment ,many men have erectile dysgunction(ED). ED is when a man cannot keep an erection long enough for sexual satisfaction.doctor can help you know why blood flow or nerve signals are blocked and offer aid that could help you get better .

Nightingale answered 2 years ago
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