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Scenario: A nurse working in the Emergency Room is attempting to start an IV on a...

Scenario: A nurse working in the Emergency Room is attempting to start an IV on a very bloody trauma patient. The patient starts to seize and the nurse looses her grip and sticks herself with the bloody IV needle...

Describe the viral characteristics of HIV and discuss why the virus eventually results in the disease AIDS. If the patient is in the initial few weeks of their HIV infection, is it likely that the test will show their true HIV status? Would the test need to be repeated at a later date? If so, why?

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Expert Solution

Life cycle and destruction of CD4 cells:-
-HIV infects a white blood cell called the CD4 positive T cell, which has a protein on its surface called CD4.
-The protein spikes of the virus bind to the CD4 protein, which then allows HIV to bind to and enter the white blood cell.
-Because HIV requires the CD4 protein for infection, HIV is only able to infect CD4 positive T cells.
-CD4 positive T cells are needed for the immune system to fight off infections.
-As the virus attacks and destroys these CD4 positive T cells, the body's immune system becomes weak.

2. In early stages of HIV:-
-After becoming HIV infected, it typically takes up to 3 months to develop a positive antibody test result.
-During this "window period" (the time between when a person gets HIV and when a test can accurately detect it) the HIV antibody test is negative.
-A negative result doesn't necessarily mean that you don't have HIV.
- If you get an HIV test within 3 months after a potential HIV exposure and the result is negative, get tested again in 3 more months to be sure.

Nightingale answered 2 years ago
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