Question

Agree or disagree with the following statements. Support your answer with chemical reasoning, calculations, analogies, examples, etc.

a. Since sugar is soluble in water, the lattice energy must be greater than the hydrogen bonds holding water together.

b. The addition of salt to water raises the boiling point, lowers the freezing point, lowers the vapor pressure, and makes the water boil faster.

c. The three factors that determine how fast a chemical reaction occurs are concentration, half-life, and enthalpy

Answer 1

a) I agree with the statement Since sugar is soluble in water, the lattice energy must be greater than the hydrogen bonds holding water together because during the dissolution of NaCl as Na+ and Cl- release lattice energy which is used in breaking hydrogen bonds. So, lattice energy must be greater than hydrogen bond energy is order to make solubility possible

b)The boiling point elevation, depression in freezing point, loweing in vapour pressurur are colligative properties, which means that they are dependent on the presence of dissolved particles and their number, but not their identity. It is an effect of the dilution of the solvent in the presence of a solute. It is a phenomenon that happens for all solutes in all solutions, even in ideal solutions, and does not depend on any specific solute-solvent interactions. The boiling point elevation happens both when the solute is an electrolyte, such as various salts, and a nonelectrolyte. In thermodynamic terms, the origin of the boiling point elevation is entropic and can be explained in terms of the vapor pressure orchemical potential of the solvent. In both cases, the explanation depends on the fact that many solutes are only present in the liquid phase and do not enter into the gas phase.This also explians why water boil faster.So, I agree

C) I disagree with this statement because these 3 are not the only factors determing the rate of reaction.They are other factors like pressure,order,temperature, solvent, electomagnetic radiation, intensity, catalyst, isotopes, surface area, stirring,etc.,