Question

1. Zoso is a rental car company that is trying to determine whether to add 25 cars to its fleet. The company fully depreciates all its rental cars over five years using the straight-line method. The new cars are expected to generate $175,000 per year in earnings before taxes and depreciation for five years. The company is entirely financed by equity and has a 35 percent tax rate. The required return on the company’s unlevered equity is 13 percent, and the new fleet will not change the risk of the company. a. What is the maximum price that the company should be willing to pay for the new fleet of cars (i.e., the maximum investment amount you would pay) if it remains an all-equity company? [Assume that the depreciation tax shields can be discounted using a lower rate of 8%]. b. Suppose the company can purchase the fleet of cars for $480,000. Additionally, assume the company can issue $390,000 of five-year, 8 percent debt to finance the project. Assume there is no floatation cost. All principal will be repaid in one balloon payment at the end of the fifth year. What is the adjusted present value (ANPV) of the project?

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Answer 1

The maximum price that the company should be willing to pay for the fleet of cars with all-equity funding is the price that makes the NPV of the transaction equal to zero. Discounting the depreciation tax shield at the risk-free rate, the NPV equation for the project is:

NPV = –Purchase Price + PV[(1 – tC)(EBTD)] + PV(Depreciation Tax Shield)

If we let P equal the purchase price of the fleet, then the NPV is:

NPV = –P + (1 – .35)($175,000)PVIFA(13%,5)+ (.35)(P/5)PVIFA(8%,5)

Setting the NPV equal to zero and solving for the purchase price, we find:

0 = –P + (1 – .35)($175,000)PVIFA(13%,5)+ (.35)(P/5)PVIFA(8%,5)

P = $400,085.06 + (P)(.35/5)(PVIFA8%,5)

P = $400,085.06 + .2795P

.7205P = $400,085.06

P = $555,280.14

2. The adjusted present value (APV) of a project equals the net present value of the project if it were funded completely by equity plus the net present value of any financing side effects. In this case, the NPV of financing side effects equals the after-tax present value of the cash flows resulting from the firm’s debt, so:

APV = NPV(All-Equity) + NPV(Financing Side Effects)

So, the NPV of each part of the APV equation is:

NPV(All-Equity)NPV = –Purchase Price + PV[(1 – tC)(EBTD)] + PV(Depreciation Tax Shield)

The company paid $480,000 for the fleet of cars. Because this fleet will be fully depreciated over five years using the straight-line method, annual depreciation expense equals:

Depreciation = $480,000/5 Depreciation = $96,000

So, discounting the depreciation tax shield at the risk-free rate, the NPV of an all-equity project is:

NPV = –$480,000 + (1 – .35)($175,000)PVIFA(13%,5)+ (.35)($96,000)PVIFA(8%,5)

NPV = $54,240.11

NPV(Financing Side Effects)The net present value of financing side effects equals the after-tax present value of cash flows resulting from the firm’s debt, so:

NPV = Proceeds – Aftertax PV(Interest Payments) – PV(Principal Payments)

Given a known level of debt, debt cash flows should be discounted at the pre-tax cost of debt RB. So, the NPV of the financing side effects are:

NPV = $390,000 – (1 – .35)(.08)($390,000){PVIFA(8%,5)} – $390,000/(1.08^5)

NPV = $43,600.39

Now, APV = NPV(All-Equity) + NPV(Financing Side Effects)

APV = 54,240.11 + 43,600.39

APV = $97,840.5