Question

N-Bottle Lab

Determine the correct identity of thirteen (14) cations and six (6) anions in fourteen (14) different bottles using flame tests, acid-base properties, solubility rules, formation of complex ions, and types of chemical reactions (i.e. formation of a solid, or a gas-formation reaction).

. Each solution will contain one (1) cation and one (1) anion. The cations that could be present in a solution are H⁺¹, Na⁺¹, K⁺¹, NH₄⁺¹, Ag⁺¹, Ba⁺², Cu⁺², Ni⁺², Sr⁺², Co⁺², Zn⁺², Al⁺³,Ca²⁺and Fe⁺³. The anions that could be present are NO₃^-1, OH^-1, SCN^-1, Cl-SO₄^-2, and CO₃^-2.

I need to know the fastest and easiest way to test for all of these without having to repeat many steps over and over again. Could you please list for each anion and cation what is the best and sure way to determine each by listing what color the litmus paper will be, color of precipitate or no precipitate, smell, and so on. This is worth a huge portion of my grade and needs to be done perfectly. It is 8 AM now and I need to leave for lab at 2 PM so I have time and the more data the better! Honestly, I would give up all of my remaining 18 questions to have this done perfectly! Thank you so very much!

Answer 1

1) (CO3^2–)

Test : Add dilute hydrochloric acid to the solution (or add it to Hydrochloric acid the solid). Bubbles of carbon dioxide are given off.

2)(NO3^1-)

Test : Add sodium hydroxide solution to the aqueous solution contains (NH4 ⁺¹) ions , then add aluminium foil Warm carefully. .Ammonia gas is given off

3)(Zn +2)

Add sodium hydroxide solution to the aqueous solution contains (Zn +2) ions , White precipitate, Zn(OH)2(s) formed

4) (Al⁺³)

Add sodium hydroxide solution to the aqueous solution contains (Al +3) ions , Colourless precipitate, Al(OH)3 (s) formed

5) (Fe+3)

Add sodium hydroxide solution to the aqueous solution contains (Fe+3) ions , Rust-brown gelatinous precipitate of , Fe(OH)3 (s) formed

6) (Cu +2)

Add sodium hydroxide solution to the aqueous solution contains (Cu +2) ions , Blue (jelly-like) precipitate of Cu(OH)2 (s) formed

7) (NH4 ⁺¹)

Add sodium hydroxide solution to the aqueous solution contains (NH4 ⁺¹) ions , Warm carefully. Do not allow to spit.Ammonia (alkali gas) is given off

8) (Ca +2)

Add sodium hydroxide solution to the aqueous solution contains (Ca +2)ions , White precipitate, Ca(OH)2(s) formed

9) (Ag⁺¹)

reaction for identification of the (Ag⁺¹) ion is its reaction of silver nitrate with Iodine to form a yellow precipitate of silver iodide(AgI) (s)

10) (Ni⁺²)

Passing of H₂S gas through the solution contains (Ni⁺²) will give Formation of black precipitate of ( NiS) (s) indicates nickel.

Ni²⁺ ions react with excess of NaOH and bromine water to form a black precipitate of Nickelic hydroxide.

11) (Co⁺²)

Passing of H₂S gas through the solution contains (Co⁺²) will give Formation of black precipitate of ( CoS) (s) indicates cobalt.

Flame tests for cations of Ba+2,Ca+2,K+1,Na+1,Sr+2

1. Slightly open the air hole of the Bunsen burner.

2. Heat a piece of nichrome wire in a Bunsen flame until the flame is no longer

coloured.

3. Dip the loop at the end of the wire into some water.

4. Dip the loop into an unknown salt.

5. Hold the wire in the edge of the flame.

6. Record the colour and identify the cation using the table below.

Metal	Colour of flame
Barium	Apple-green
Calcium	Brick-red
Strontium	crimson
Potassium	Lilac
Sodium	Yellow