Question

1. Define each of the following terms and match them to the appropriate situation (A - E) below.

• Sporadic disease
• Endemic disease
• Hyperendemic disease
• Epidemic disease
• Pandemic disease

• 22 cases of cholera occurred within 3 weeks among residents of a particular neighbourhood (usually 0 or 1 per year).
• Average annual incidence was 364 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis per 100,000 population in one area, compared with national average of 134 cases per 100,000 population.
• Over 20 million people worldwide died from influenza in 1918—1919.
• Single case of blastomycosis was diagnosed in a community.
• About 60 cases of gonorrhoea are usually reported in a region per week, slightly less than the national average.

Answer 1

A. Sporadic Disease: Ocassionally occuring disease are called sporadic diseases. Sporadic diseases arise from mutation, so, it is not a genetically transferred disease. It occurs infrequently and irregularly.

B. Endemic disease: If a particular disease is present in a population within a geographic area, this is called endemic. Endemic level is the baseline level of a disease.

C. Hyperendemic disease: If the levels of disease becomes high and persistent, then it called as Hyperendemic disease.

D. Epidemic disease: When the levels of disease becomes high and it reaches beyond the expected level, then it called as Epidemic. In epidemic an agent and susceptible hosts are required, through this agent disease can be transmitted to susceptible host.

E. Pandemic disease: An epidemic disease that has been spread all over countries and continenets. It can affect a large number of people and can be transmitted from one person to another. Eg. Covid-19

1-Pandemic

2-Hyperendemic

3 -Epidemic

4-Sporadic

5-Endemic